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Haematology and Immunology > Bleeding > Flashcards

Bleeding Flashcards

1
Q

What is the normal primary haemostatic response?

A

Platelet plug formation
Platelets
vWF
Wall

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2
Q

What is the normal secondary haemostatic response?

A

Fibrin plug formation

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3
Q

What areas should be asked about when taking a history of bleeding?

A 
Bruising 
Epistaxis 
Post-surgical bleeding 
Menorrhagia 
Post-partum haemorrhage
Post-Trauma 
Dental surgery
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4
Q

What are the different patterns of platelet type bleeding?

A 
Mucosal 
Epistaxis 
Purpura 
Menorrhagia 
GI
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5
Q

What are the different patterns of coagulation factor bleeding?

A

Articular
Muscle haematoma
CNS

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6
Q

What is the genetic linkage of haemophilia A and B?

A

X linked

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7
Q

What are the clinical features or haemophilia?

A 
Haemoarthrosis 
Muscle haematoma 
CNS bleeding 
Retroperitoneal bleeding 
Post surgical bleeding
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8
Q

What are the clinical complications of haemophilia?

A

Synovitis
Chronic haemophilic arthropathy
Neurovascular compression (compartment syndromes)
Other sequelae of bleeding (stroke)

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9
Q

What is the haemophilia treatment for bleeding diathesis?

A

Coagulation factor replacement FVIII/IX

Tranexamic acid

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10
Q

What is the treatment for haemophilia?

A 
Splints
Physio
Analgesia 
Synovectomy 
Joint replacement
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11
Q

What are the complications of haemophilia treatment?

A

Viral infection (HIV, HBV, HCV)
Inhibitors (anti FVIII Ab)
DDAVP (MI, hyponatraemia)

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12
Q

What is von Willebrand disease?

A

Autosomal platelet type bleeding (mucosal)

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13
Q

What is the treatment for von Willebrand disease?

A

vWF concentrate or DDAVP
Tranexamic Acid
Topical applications
OCP

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14
Q

What are some examples of acquired bleeding disorders?

A 
Thrombocytopenia
Liver failure
Renal failure
DIC
Drugs Warfarin, Heparin, Aspirin, Clopidogrel, Rivaroxaban
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15
Q

What are the causes of thrombocytopenia?

A 
Decreased production (marrow failure, aplasia, infiltration) 
Increased consumption (immune ITP, non immune DIC, Hypersplenism)
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16
Q

What are the clinical features of thrombocytopenia?

A

Petechia
Ecchymosis
Mucosal Bleeding
Rare CNS bleeding

17
Q

What is associated with ITP?

A

Infection esp HIV, EBV
Collagenosis
Lymphoma
Drug induced

18
Q

What is the treatment for ITP?

A

Steroids
IV IgG
Splenectomy
Thrombopoietin analogues (Eltrombopag and romiplostim)

19
Q

What is haemorrhagic disease of the newborn?

A

Immature coagulation system

Fatal and incapacitating haemorrhage

20
Q

How can haemorrhagic disease of the newborn be prevented?

A

Administer vitamin K at birth

Haematology and Immunology (16 decks)

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