Throat pathology Flashcards
What mucosa is present superior to vocal cords?
Squamous epithelium
What mucosa is present superior to vocal cords?
Squamous epithelium
What does the mucosa change to after the vocal cords?
Respiratory epithelium
What kind of gland is the salivary gland?
Exocrine
What causes laryngeal polyps?
Vocal abuse
Smoking
infection
What can form due to GORD?
Contact ulcer
What is an ulcer?
Break in the epithelium below the basement membrane
How do ulcers heal?
Granulation tissue by fibroblasts and vascular proliferation
What tumour is related to HPV?
Squamous papilloma
At what age is squamous papilloma common?
Under 5
20-40
Which HPV strains may squamous papilloma be related to?
type 6 & 11
What is a paraganglioma?
Tumour arrising in neuroendocrine cells
What are the two types of paraganglioma?
Chromaffin positive
Chromaffin negative
Describe a chromaffin positive paraganglioma
Sympathetic nervous system.
Secretes adrenaline
Adrenal medulla or paravertebral
Give an example of a chromaffin positive paraganglioma
Phaechromocytoma
Where do chromaffin negative paragangliomas affect?
Above the diaphragm
Paragangliomas are associated with what condition?
MEN2
Are paraganglioma malignant?
Can be
What malignant tumour can form, mainly due to smoking and alcohol in the oral cavity?
Squamous cell carcinoma
What are sialothiasis?
Stones on the salivary glands
What virus causes mumps?
Paramyxovirus
Where is the most likely place to get a tumour?
Parotid gland
What nerve runs through the parotid gland?
Facial nerve
Where are malignant tumours likely to be located?
Small glands
What is the most common benign tumour of a salivary gland?
Pleomorphic adenoma
Who is most associated with pleomorphic adenoma?
Females over 60 with a long history of parotid issues
Which benign tumour, associated with males over 50, is associated with smoking?
Warthins tumour
What is the most common malignant tumour of the salivary glands?
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
What is the prognosis for adenoid cystic carcinoma?
35% at 5 years
What does the mucosa change to after the vocal cords?
Respiratory epithelium
What kind of gland is the salivary gland?
Exocrine
What causes laryngeal polyps?
Vocal abuse
Smoking
infection
What can form due to GORD?
Contact ulcer
What is an ulcer?
Break in the epithelium below the basement membrane
How do ulcers heal?
Granulation tissue by fibroblasts and vascular proliferation
What tumour is related to HPV?
Squamous papilloma
At what age is squamous papilloma common?
Under 5s
20-40
Which HPV strains may it be related to?
type 6 & 11
What is a paraganglioma?
Tumour arrising in neuroendocrine cells
What are the two types of paraganglioma?
Chromaffin positive
Chromaffin negative
Describe a chromaffin positive paraganglioma
Sympathetic nervous system.
Secretes adrenaline
Adrenal medulla or paravertebral
Give an example of a chromaffin positive paraganglioma
Phaechromocytoma
Where do chromaffin negative paragangliomas affect?
Above the diaphragm
Paragangliomas are associated with what condition?
MEN2
Are paraganglioma malignant?
Can be
What malignant tumour can form, mainly due to smoking and alcohol in the oral cavity?
Squamous cell carcinoma
What are sialothiasis?
Stones on the salivary glands
What virus causes mumps?
Paramyxovirus
Where is the most likely place to get a tumour?
Parotid gland
What nerve runs through the parotid gland?
Facial nerve
Where are malignant tumours likely to be located?
Small glands
What is the most common benign tumour of a salivary gland?
Pleomorphic adenoma
Who is most associated with pleomorphic adenoma?
Females over 60 with a long history of parotid issues
Which benign tumour, associated with males over 50, is associated with smoking?
Warthins tumour
What is the most common malignant tumour of the salivary glands?
Adenoid cystic carcinoma
What is the prognosis for adenoid cystic carcinoma?
35% at 5 years
