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ENT > Nose anatomy > Flashcards

Nose anatomy Flashcards

1
Q

Name the surface anatomy of the nose

A 
Root
Dorsum
Tip
Ala
Septum
Philtrum of upper lip
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2
Q

What kind of cartilage makes up the nose?

A

Hyaline cartilage

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3
Q

Why must adrenaline containing anaesthesia not be used on the cartilage?

A

Avascular so will cause disintegraton

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4
Q

What forms the roof of the nasal cavity?

A

Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone with crista galli on the cranial aspect

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5
Q

What lies either side of the crista galli?

A

Olfactory bulbs

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6
Q

What makes up the septum?

A

The perpendicular plate of the cribriform bone plus the vomer inferiorly

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7
Q

What is the third part of the ethmoid bone?

A

Labyrinth

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8
Q

What structure can Le Fort II and III fractures disrupt?

A

Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

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9
Q

What danger lies in disrupting the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone?

A

Infection from nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses into the anterior cranial fossa

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10
Q

Which bone does the superior and middle nasal concha form a part of?

A

Ethmoid, specifically the labyrinth

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11
Q

What group of bones does the inferior concha belong to?

A

Facial bones

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12
Q

The septal cartilage is avascular. Where does it get its nutrients from?

A

Diffusion from nasal mucosa

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13
Q

What kind of mucosa is in the nostril?

A

Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium

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14
Q

Respiratory epithelium is associated with the conchae. What type of mucosa is this?

A

Pseudo stratified columnar with cilia and goblet cells.

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15
Q

What kind of gland is present in the olfactory epithelium which makes odorants soluble?

A

Bowman’s glands

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16
Q

Where are the receptor cells for scent?

A

In the olfactory mucosa

17
Q

Where is the olfactory bulb?

A

Anterior to optic chiasm and is the cell body of the 2nd neurone

18
Q

Where does the olfactory tract end?

A

Temporal lobe

19
Q

What bone does the receptor cell pass through to get to the olfactory bulb?

A

Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone

20
Q

On what side of the nose is the receptor cell?

A

Lateral

21
Q

Which nerves supply the touch sensation of the nose?

A

V1 and V2

22
Q

Where can nasal pain refer to?

A

The teeth

23
Q

What is V1 called?

A

Ophthalmic division

24
Q

What is V2 called?

A

Maxillary division

25
Q

What arteries supply the face and where do they originate from?

A

Ophthalmic, maxillary and facial arteries.

Come from both the internal and external carotids

26
Q

What 4 arteries anastamose on the nasal septum to form Kisselbach’s area?

A

Labial artery
Ethmoidal
Greater palatine
Sphenopalantine

27
Q

Where do the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries originate from?

A

Ophthalmic artery

28
Q

Where do the sphenopalantine and greater palantine arteries originate from?

A

Maxillary artery

29
Q

Where is the sphenoethmoidal recess?

A

Superior to the superior concha but inferior to the sphenoethmoidal junction

30
Q

Where does the mucous from the paranasal sinuses drain to?

A

Meatuses

31
Q

Where does the frontal sinus drain to?

A

Middle meatus

32
Q

Where does the ethmoidal air cells drain to?

PLURAL

A

Superior and middle

33
Q

Where do tears drain to?

A

Inferior meatus via the nasolacrimal duct

34
Q

What is sinusitis?

A

Inflammation of the mucosa of paranasal sinuses

35
Q

Why can URTI cause sinusitis?

A

Swelling of the mucosa reduces the diameter of the ostia and therefore the space to drain out of

36
Q

Why is maxillary sinusitis common?

A

Drains against gravity since ostia is located superiorly

37
Q

What is another word used to mean maxillary sinus?

A

Antrum

38
Q

Which nerve innervates the lacrimal gland?

A

Greater petrosal from facial

ENT (16 decks)

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