Nose anatomy Flashcards
Name the surface anatomy of the nose
Root Dorsum Tip Ala Septum Philtrum of upper lip
What kind of cartilage makes up the nose?
Hyaline cartilage
Why must adrenaline containing anaesthesia not be used on the cartilage?
Avascular so will cause disintegraton
What forms the roof of the nasal cavity?
Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone with crista galli on the cranial aspect
What lies either side of the crista galli?
Olfactory bulbs
What makes up the septum?
The perpendicular plate of the cribriform bone plus the vomer inferiorly
What is the third part of the ethmoid bone?
Labyrinth
What structure can Le Fort II and III fractures disrupt?
Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone
What danger lies in disrupting the cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone?
Infection from nasal cavity and paranasal sinuses into the anterior cranial fossa
Which bone does the superior and middle nasal concha form a part of?
Ethmoid, specifically the labyrinth
What group of bones does the inferior concha belong to?
Facial bones
The septal cartilage is avascular. Where does it get its nutrients from?
Diffusion from nasal mucosa
What kind of mucosa is in the nostril?
Keratinised stratified squamous epithelium
Respiratory epithelium is associated with the conchae. What type of mucosa is this?
Pseudo stratified columnar with cilia and goblet cells.
What kind of gland is present in the olfactory epithelium which makes odorants soluble?
Bowman’s glands
Where are the receptor cells for scent?
In the olfactory mucosa
Where is the olfactory bulb?
Anterior to optic chiasm and is the cell body of the 2nd neurone
Where does the olfactory tract end?
Temporal lobe
What bone does the receptor cell pass through to get to the olfactory bulb?
Cribiform plate of the ethmoid bone
On what side of the nose is the receptor cell?
Lateral
Which nerves supply the touch sensation of the nose?
V1 and V2
Where can nasal pain refer to?
The teeth
What is V1 called?
Ophthalmic division
What is V2 called?
Maxillary division
What arteries supply the face and where do they originate from?
Ophthalmic, maxillary and facial arteries.
Come from both the internal and external carotids
What 4 arteries anastamose on the nasal septum to form Kisselbach’s area?
Labial artery
Ethmoidal
Greater palatine
Sphenopalantine
Where do the anterior and posterior ethmoidal arteries originate from?
Ophthalmic artery
Where do the sphenopalantine and greater palantine arteries originate from?
Maxillary artery
Where is the sphenoethmoidal recess?
Superior to the superior concha but inferior to the sphenoethmoidal junction
Where does the mucous from the paranasal sinuses drain to?
Meatuses
Where does the frontal sinus drain to?
Middle meatus
Where does the ethmoidal air cells drain to?
PLURAL
Superior and middle
Where do tears drain to?
Inferior meatus via the nasolacrimal duct
What is sinusitis?
Inflammation of the mucosa of paranasal sinuses
Why can URTI cause sinusitis?
Swelling of the mucosa reduces the diameter of the ostia and therefore the space to drain out of
Why is maxillary sinusitis common?
Drains against gravity since ostia is located superiorly
What is another word used to mean maxillary sinus?
Antrum
Which nerve innervates the lacrimal gland?
Greater petrosal from facial
