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CP2 - ENT > Throat - H + N cancer > Flashcards

Throat - H + N cancer Flashcards

1
Q

What type of cancer are the majority of H+N cancers

A

SCC

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2
Q

Presentation H+N cancers (7)

A 
Dysphagia/Odynophagia
Painful throat 
Progressive/constant hoarse voice
Neck lump 
Rx otalgia 
Bleeding in mouth/throat 
Persistent ulceration
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3
Q

RF H+N cancer (4)

A

Smoking
Alcohol
EBV
HPV

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4
Q

Pathology to be considered: Neck Level I

A

Submandibular gland

Tooth abscess

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5
Q

Pathology to be considered: Neck Level II

A

Parotid
Branchial cyst
Lymphadenopathy (benign/malignant)

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6
Q

Pathology to be considered: Neck Level III

A

Branchial cyst
Paragangliomas
Lymphadenopathy

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7
Q

Pathology to be considered: Neck Level IV

A

Lymphadenopathy

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8
Q

Pathology to be considered: Neck Level V

A

Cystic hygroma

Lymphadenopathy

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9
Q

Pathology to be considered: Neck Level VI

A

Thyroid goitre/nodule
Thyroglossal duct cust - MIDLINE
Dermoid cyst - MIDLINE
+ epidermoid cyst

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10
Q

Causes of vocal cord motion impairment (7)

A 
URTI
Strong odor/fumes
Tobacco smoke 
Post-nasal drip 
Acid reflux 
Strong emotions/stress
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11
Q

Leukoplakia

A

White patches on oral mucosa

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12
Q

What does leukoplakia usually represent?

A

Hyperkeratinosis

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13
Q

Triggers of leukoplakia (3)

A

Smoking
Dentures
Spice

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14
Q

What % of leukoplakia will undergo malignant changes?

A

3%

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15
Q

What is the sign of a malignant change in leukoplakia?

A

Erosion/ulceration

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16
Q

Mx Leukoplakia (3)

A

Remove irritant
Retinoids
Surgical excision

17
Q

Erythroplakia

A

Macular well defined red patches in mouth

18
Q

What is erythroplakia associated with

A

Dysplasia –> pre-cancerous

19
Q

Red flag Sx H+N (8)

A

Unexplained neck lump thats changed over 3-6w
Hoarse voice >3w
New onset dysphagia
Unexplained persistent swelling in salivary glands
Otalgia >4 w + norm otoscopy
Unexplained persistent sore/painful throat
Non healing ulcers
White/red lesion in mouth/oropharynx
Non-healing ulcers
White/red lesion in mouth/oropharynx

20
Q

Diagnostic methods H+N malignancy (6)

A 
Hx 
FNAC
CT/MRI
CXR
Bloods 
Biopsy if possible
21
Q

RF Oropharnygeal cancer (4)

A

Smoking abuse
Alcohol abuse
HPV
IDA

22
Q

Sx oropharyngeal cancer (7)

A 
Sore throat 
Odynophagia 
Dysphagia 
Otalgia 
Bleeding 
Trismus 
Hoarseness
23
Q

Sx Hypopharyngeal cancer (8)

A 
Sore throat 
Odynophagia 
Dysphagia 
Otalgia 
Haemoptysis 
Hoarseness 
Stridor 
Neck mass
24
Q

Where are hypophyarnygeal cancers mainly located (2)

A

Piriform sinuses

Posterior pharyngeal wall

25
Q

RF Laryngeal cancer (3)

A

Smoking
Alcohol abuse
Previous neck radiation

26
Q

% of laryngeal cancers; glottis, supraglottis + subglottis

A

Supraglottis - 45%
Glottis - 50%
Subglottis - 5%

27
Q

Tx of oral Ca

A

Surgery + radiotherapy

CP2 - ENT (13 decks)

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