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CP2 - ENT > Neck Masses, Congenital/Developmental Deformities > Flashcards

Neck Masses, Congenital/Developmental Deformities Flashcards

1
Q

Consistency of lymphoma

A

Rubbery

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2
Q

What 2 other symptoms are typical of a lymphoma?

A

Night sweats

HSmegaly

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3
Q

How to tell if a neck lump is a thyroid swelling

A

Moves upwards on swallowing

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4
Q

Age group - thyroglossal cyst

A

<20 y/o

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5
Q

Consistency - thyroglossal cyst

A

Soft and mobile

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6
Q

Where would you find a thyroglossal cyst

A

Midline - between hyoid and thyroid bones

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7
Q

Which is the most common midline lump?

A

Thyroglossal cyst

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8
Q

How to check if a midline lump is a thyroglossal cyst?

A

Moves up on tongue protrusion

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9
Q

Mx thyroglossal cyst

A

Excise - sistrunk procedure

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10
Q

Defining feature pharyngeal pouch

A

Gurgles on palpation

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11
Q

Features cystic hygroma

A

L sided
@ birth
Posterior triangle
Transilluminates

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12
Q

When do people get branchial cysts?

A

Typically after URTI

In early adulthood

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13
Q

Where are branchial cysts

A

Between SCM and pharynx

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14
Q

Features branchial cyst

A

Oval
Mobile
Soft
Non-pulsatile

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15
Q

Diagnosis branchial cyst

A

USS

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16
Q

Mx branchial cyst

A

Excise

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17
Q

What can a cervical rib lead to?

A

Thoracic outlet syndrome

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18
Q

Features of a typically reactive LN (6)

A 
<1cm 
Fluctuate 
Worse on URTI
Clear source of infection 
Jugulogastric area
Child otherwise well
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19
Q

When would you biopsy a LN? (4)

A

> 2cm
Hx malig
Supraclavicular
Increasing in size

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20
Q

What xray do you need for a suspected foreign body

A

AP

Lateral

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21
Q

If a chest XR is positive in a foreign body inhalation, what is your next investigation

A

Rigid bronchoscopy

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22
Q

Why must you always take the foreign body out ?

A

Risk of infection

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23
Q

How to differentiate an inhaled 2p coin and button battery

A

Button battery has halo around it

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24
Q

Methods removal foreign body (6)

A 
Parental kiss 
Wax hook 
Croc forceps 
Suction 
Oil/alcohol - kill insects
GA if uncooperative
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25
Why are children with OSA skinny?
Because growth hormone is secreted at night when children are asleep
26
Bad signs - paeds airway (5)
``` Quiet child No crying Marked recessions Mottled Incr tachyC ```
27
Congenital causes of supraglottic obstruction (insp stridor) (3)
Laryngomalacia Bifid epiglottis Cysts
28
Acquired causes of supraglottic obstruction (insp stridor) (3)
Traumatic RRP Cysts
29
Congeintal causes of glottic obstruction (insp stridor) (3)
Atresia Webs VCMI
30
Acquired causes of glottic obstruction (insp stridor) (3)
Traumatic/web RRP VCMI
31
Congenital causes of subglottic obstruction (biphasic stridor) (2)
Congenital SGS | Haemangioma
32
Acquired causes of subglottic obstruction (biphasic stridor) (2)
Traumatic SGS | Croup
33
Congenital causes tracheal obstruction (washing machine stridor) (3)
Tracheomalacia Stenosis/complete ring Extrinsic/vascular
34
Acquired causes tracheal obstruction (washing machine stridor) (3)
Tracheomalacia Traumatic/iatrogenic Extrinsic
35
Commonest cause stridor in newborn
VC motion impairment
36
Commonest cause stridor - weeks old baby
Laryngomalacia
37
Commonest cause stridor - months old baby
Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis
38
Commonest cause stridor - intubated baby in NICU/PICU
Subglottic stenosis
39
Commonest cause stridor - years old child (3)
Croup Epiglottitis FB
40
Which 2 neck pathologies in children cause a TOXIC fever
Epiglottitis | Tracheitis
41
What is a lipoma?
Overgrowth of adipose tissue
42
Features of a lipoma
Mobile Non-tender Soft Doesn't transilluminate
43
What is an epidermoid cyst?
Keratin filled cyst
44
Features of an epidermoid cyst
Central punctum Mobile Non tender Doesn't translilluminate
45
Another name for carotid body tumour
Paraganglioma
46
What age group gets paragangliomas
30-50y/o
47
Which conditions are more associated with paragangliomas
MEN2 VHL NF1
48
Features of carotid body tumour
Soft Pulsatile Slow growing
49
What is Laryngomalacia
Immature cartilage of upper larynx collapses inward during inhalation
50
PS Laryngomalacia
Inspiratory stridor | Poor feeding
51
Ix laryngomalacia
Flexiscope - shortened epiglottis + aryepiglottic folds
52
Mx laryngomalacia
Self resolving :) | Can Tx w/ supraglottoplasty
53
Age epiglottis
2-7
54
Mx epiglottitis
``` Med emergency Dont examine paeds ENT/anaesthetics IMMEDIATELY IV ceftriaxone Steroids ```
55
What is unilateral VC palsy due to
Iatrogenic | Weak/breathy cry
56
What is bilateral VC palsy due to
Idiopathic | RDS
57
What % of kids w/ bilateral VC palsy will recover>?
50%
58
Diagnosis VC malsy
Microlayngoscopy
59
Cause of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP)
HPV 6+11b
60
RF RRP
1st child Vaginal delivery Young mother
61
PS RRP
Husky voice | Airway obstruction
62
Mx RRP
Repeated debulking | Gardasil (prevent in future)
63
What is acquired subglottic stenosis
Narrowing of subglottic airway
64
PS acquired sublgottic stenosis
Biphasic stridor
65
What is congential SGS due to
In utero malformation /cricoid cartilage
66
What is acquired SGS due to
mechanical trauma/infection

CP2 - ENT (13 decks)

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