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CP2 - ENT > Neck Masses, Congenital/Developmental Deformities > Flashcards

Neck Masses, Congenital/Developmental Deformities Flashcards

1
Q

Consistency of lymphoma

A

Rubbery

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2
Q

What 2 other symptoms are typical of a lymphoma?

A

Night sweats

HSmegaly

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3
Q

How to tell if a neck lump is a thyroid swelling

A

Moves upwards on swallowing

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4
Q

Age group - thyroglossal cyst

A

<20 y/o

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5
Q

Consistency - thyroglossal cyst

A

Soft and mobile

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6
Q

Where would you find a thyroglossal cyst

A

Midline - between hyoid and thyroid bones

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7
Q

Which is the most common midline lump?

A

Thyroglossal cyst

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8
Q

How to check if a midline lump is a thyroglossal cyst?

A

Moves up on tongue protrusion

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9
Q

Mx thyroglossal cyst

A

Excise - sistrunk procedure

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10
Q

Defining feature pharyngeal pouch

A

Gurgles on palpation

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11
Q

Features cystic hygroma

A

L sided
@ birth
Posterior triangle
Transilluminates

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12
Q

When do people get branchial cysts?

A

Typically after URTI

In early adulthood

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13
Q

Where are branchial cysts

A

Between SCM and pharynx

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14
Q

Features branchial cyst

A

Oval
Mobile
Soft
Non-pulsatile

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15
Q

Diagnosis branchial cyst

A

USS

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16
Q

Mx branchial cyst

A

Excise

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17
Q

What can a cervical rib lead to?

A

Thoracic outlet syndrome

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18
Q

Features of a typically reactive LN (6)

A 
<1cm 
Fluctuate 
Worse on URTI
Clear source of infection 
Jugulogastric area
Child otherwise well
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19
Q

When would you biopsy a LN? (4)

A

> 2cm
Hx malig
Supraclavicular
Increasing in size

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20
Q

What xray do you need for a suspected foreign body

A

AP

Lateral

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21
Q

If a chest XR is positive in a foreign body inhalation, what is your next investigation

A

Rigid bronchoscopy

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22
Q

Why must you always take the foreign body out ?

A

Risk of infection

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23
Q

How to differentiate an inhaled 2p coin and button battery

A

Button battery has halo around it

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24
Q

Methods removal foreign body (6)

A 
Parental kiss 
Wax hook 
Croc forceps 
Suction 
Oil/alcohol - kill insects
GA if uncooperative
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25
Q

Why are children with OSA skinny?

A

Because growth hormone is secreted at night when children are asleep

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26
Q

Bad signs - paeds airway (5)

A 
Quiet child 
No crying 
Marked recessions 
Mottled 
Incr tachyC
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27
Q

Congenital causes of supraglottic obstruction (insp stridor) (3)

A

Laryngomalacia
Bifid epiglottis
Cysts

28
Q

Acquired causes of supraglottic obstruction (insp stridor) (3)

A

Traumatic
RRP
Cysts

29
Q

Congeintal causes of glottic obstruction (insp stridor) (3)

A

Atresia
Webs
VCMI

30
Q

Acquired causes of glottic obstruction (insp stridor) (3)

A

Traumatic/web
RRP
VCMI

31
Q

Congenital causes of subglottic obstruction (biphasic stridor) (2)

A

Congenital SGS

Haemangioma

32
Q

Acquired causes of subglottic obstruction (biphasic stridor) (2)

A

Traumatic SGS

Croup

33
Q

Congenital causes tracheal obstruction (washing machine stridor) (3)

A

Tracheomalacia
Stenosis/complete ring
Extrinsic/vascular

34
Q

Acquired causes tracheal obstruction (washing machine stridor) (3)

A

Tracheomalacia
Traumatic/iatrogenic
Extrinsic

35
Q

Commonest cause stridor in newborn

A

VC motion impairment

36
Q

Commonest cause stridor - weeks old baby

A

Laryngomalacia

37
Q

Commonest cause stridor - months old baby

A

Recurrent respiratory papillomatosis

38
Q

Commonest cause stridor - intubated baby in NICU/PICU

A

Subglottic stenosis

39
Q

Commonest cause stridor - years old child (3)

A

Croup
Epiglottitis
FB

40
Q

Which 2 neck pathologies in children cause a TOXIC fever

A

Epiglottitis

Tracheitis

41
Q

What is a lipoma?

A

Overgrowth of adipose tissue

42
Q

Features of a lipoma

A

Mobile
Non-tender
Soft
Doesn’t transilluminate

43
Q

What is an epidermoid cyst?

A

Keratin filled cyst

44
Q

Features of an epidermoid cyst

A

Central punctum
Mobile
Non tender
Doesn’t translilluminate

45
Q

Another name for carotid body tumour

A

Paraganglioma

46
Q

What age group gets paragangliomas

A

30-50y/o

47
Q

Which conditions are more associated with paragangliomas

A

MEN2
VHL
NF1

48
Q

Features of carotid body tumour

A

Soft
Pulsatile
Slow growing

49
Q

What is Laryngomalacia

A

Immature cartilage of upper larynx collapses inward during inhalation

50
Q

PS Laryngomalacia

A

Inspiratory stridor

Poor feeding

51
Q

Ix laryngomalacia

A

Flexiscope - shortened epiglottis + aryepiglottic folds

52
Q

Mx laryngomalacia

A

Self resolving :)

Can Tx w/ supraglottoplasty

53
Q

Age epiglottis

A

2-7

54
Q

Mx epiglottitis

A 
Med emergency 
Dont examine 
paeds ENT/anaesthetics IMMEDIATELY 
IV ceftriaxone 
Steroids
55
Q

What is unilateral VC palsy due to

A

Iatrogenic

Weak/breathy cry

56
Q

What is bilateral VC palsy due to

A

Idiopathic

RDS

57
Q

What % of kids w/ bilateral VC palsy will recover>?

A

50%

58
Q

Diagnosis VC malsy

A

Microlayngoscopy

59
Q

Cause of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis (RRP)

A

HPV 6+11b

60
Q

RF RRP

A

1st child
Vaginal delivery
Young mother

61
Q

PS RRP

A

Husky voice

Airway obstruction

62
Q

Mx RRP

A

Repeated debulking

Gardasil (prevent in future)

63
Q

What is acquired subglottic stenosis

A

Narrowing of subglottic airway

64
Q

PS acquired sublgottic stenosis

A

Biphasic stridor

65
Q

What is congential SGS due to

A

In utero malformation /cricoid cartilage

66
Q

What is acquired SGS due to

A

mechanical trauma/infection

CP2 - ENT (13 decks)

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