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CP2 - ENT > Ears - Ear pathologies > Flashcards

Ears - Ear pathologies Flashcards

1
Q

What is pinna haematoma

A

Collection of blood

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2
Q

What is the issue w/ pinna haematomas (2)

A

can incr infection risk

Can –> cartilage necrosis –> cauliflower ear

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3
Q

Mx pinna haematoma

A

Rx ENT

Aspiration/drainage

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4
Q

What is Otorrhoea

A

Discharging ear

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5
Q

When to suspect necrotising otitis externa w/ otorrhoea

A

Unilateral severe ear pain
W/ foul discharge
CN palsies

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6
Q

What is a medical emergency in otology

A

Sudden SNHL

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7
Q

Mx Sudden SNHL (4)

A

Vasodilators
Carbon
Steroids
Aciclovir

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8
Q

TMJ dysfunction S+S

A

Pain anterior to tragus, worse on eating
Normal eardrum
Tender over TMJ
Misaligned, clicking bite

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9
Q

Hx points otorrhoea (8)

A 
Duration of discharge 
Associated otalgia 
Systemic fever Sx 
Associated HL/dizziness 
FB in ear 
Any CN palsies 
Hx of trauma 
Recent topical Abx
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10
Q

Why ask about recent TO ABx in otorrhoea Hx

A

Predisposes to antifungal ear infection

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11
Q

What % of the pop suffer from otitis externa?

A

10%

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12
Q

What is otitis externa

A

External inflammation of the exterinal ear

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13
Q

PS Otitis externa (3)

A

Severe ear pain
Itching
HL

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14
Q

RF otitis externa (6)

A 
Cotton buds
h2o expsoure 
FB
Warm/humid climates
Underlying skin condition - eczema 
hearing aids
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15
Q

O/E otitis externa (3)

A

Tragus = tender
Red swollen canal
T M not visible

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16
Q

Complications of otitis externa (2)

A

Periauricular cellulitis

Necrotising otitis externa

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17
Q

Causative organisms otitis externa (3)

A

Pseudomonas
Staph
Strep

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18
Q

Tx Otitis externa - simple

A

GP + TO Abx

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19
Q

Tx of complex otitis external

A

Aural toilet
Steroids
TO antifungals/Abx
PO flucloxacillin if really bad

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20
Q

DDx otitis externa (3)

A

Malignant OE
Mastoiditis
Pinna perichondritis

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21
Q

Who gets Nec OE (3)

A

Elderly
DM
Immunocomp

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22
Q

Cause of nec OE

A

Pseudomonas

23
Q

What palsies can nec OE cause? (4)

A

8
9
10
12

24
Q

Worst outcome nec OE

A

death

25
Q

Tx Nec OE (3)

A

High dose ciprofloxacin
facial debridement
refer

26
Q

What is Otitis media

A

Inflammation of the middle ear

27
Q

Cause of OM?

A

URTI –> obstruction of eustachian tube

28
Q

Sx OM in an infant (4)

A

Fever
Ear pulling
Irritable
Vomiting

29
Q

Sx OM in a child/adult (5)

A 
Otalgia 
Fever
Malaise
Hearing loss 
Bulging T M
30
Q

Another name for OME

A

Glue ear

31
Q

What is Glue Ear

A

Sterile collection fluid in middle ear

32
Q

Causes Glue ear (3)

A

Infection/allergy
AOM
ET dysfunction

33
Q

Who gets affected by Glue ear? (3)

A

Children w:
Large adenoids
Cleft Palate
Downs syndrome

34
Q

Sx glue ear (3)

A

Painless HL
Poor speech development
T M dull +/- fl level

35
Q

Tx glue ear (6)

A 
Most = W+W
Eval at 3 months 
If not gone away - grommets
Ab
Adenoidectomy to reduce recurrence
36
Q

Fct of grommets (2)

A

Aerate middle ear

P equaliser

37
Q

What is AOM

A

Bacterial infection of the middle ear

38
Q

Causative agents AOM (2)

A

Strep

Hib

39
Q

Sx AOM

A

Pus –> inflammed –> bulging ™ –> pain, fever and reduced hearing
Rupture –> blood and pus into EAM

40
Q

How long does it take the ear drum to heal after AOM rupture

A

4-5 days

41
Q

Tx AOM (4)

A

Augmentin
Analgesia
Myringotomy if fails to resolve
Nasal decongestants

42
Q

What is chronic suppurative OM

A

Repeated infection –> microabscesses and inflammatory cells infiltrating
+/- perf

43
Q

PS chronic suppurative OM (2)

A

Odourless discharge

Conductive HL

44
Q

Tx chronic suppurative OM (6)

A 
H2O avoidance 
Few weeks to heal 
Cipro + steroid drops 
Hearing aids
May have to repair surgically
45
Q

What is a cholesteatoma?

A

Meatal skin protrudes –> production of keratin –> forms a bag –> cyst

46
Q

Where does cholesteatoma occur

A

In attic/epitympanic recess

47
Q

Sx cholesteatoma (4)

A

Foul discharge
Conductive HL
Attic retraction
Aural polyps

48
Q

Cholesteatoma erosion into cochlea - Sx

A

SN deafness

49
Q

Cholesteatoma erosion into ossicles - Sx

A

Conductive HL

50
Q

Cholesteatoma erosion into SC canal Sx

A

Vertigo

51
Q

Cholesteatoma erosion into roof

A

IC abscess.

Sepsis

52
Q

Ix cholesteatoma (2)

A

CT scan temporal bone

PTA

53
Q

Tx cholesteatoma

A

Surgery

CP2 - ENT (13 decks)

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