Thought and Language Studies

Question 1

Saffran et al. 1996

Answer 1

got babies to listen to familiar and novel stimuli, babies listened longer more often to novel words than familiar in every condition

Question 2

mental rotation study

Answer 2

shown an R that is rotated between 0 and 360 degrees, have to decide whether it is normal or a mirror image, take longer the more rotated it is and they are mentally rotating it back to normal

Question 3

Duncker’s radiation problem (1945), participants in 3 groups, first group just figure out problem…

Answer 3

2 group given a metaphorical story revealing the solution but were not told it was related, 3 group told the story would help, much closer to solving

Question 4

Luchins water jar problem

Answer 4

mental set inhibits ability to perform simple tasks

Question 5

Duncker 1945 candle problem

Answer 5

functional fixedness inhibited ability to solve simple problem, those presented with bins in the box - not solve, those presented with pins outside the box - solve

Question 6

Berlin and Kay, focal colour

Answer 6

examined colour terms of 20 languages, languages widely vary in amount of colour terms, as you add colour terms there is a systematic way in which they are added

Question 7

Eleanor Rosch (aka Heider) Dani tribe

Answer 7

studied Dani tribe in Papua New Guinea who only had two colour terms, light and dark, perception, memory and discrimination of focal colours were similar to those who had many colour terms therefore language DOES NOT have an effect on colour memory

Question 8

Boroditsky 2001, spatial metaphors for time

Answer 8

mandarin speakers think of time vertically, English speakers think of time horizontally

Question 9

priming experiment for time

Answer 9

if you prime English and mandarin speakers with either vertical or horizontal primes and then get them to answer a true/false question about time, ENGLISH speakers answer faster with HORIZONTAL prime and MANDARIN speakers answer faster with VERTICAL prime as this is how they think of time

Question 10

Sir Francis Galton

Answer 10

examined whether performance on tasks related to how smart other people think a person is, found there was no relation to social class

Question 11

Alfred binet 1857-1911

Answer 11

father of modern day intelligence testing, first IQ test, wanted to identify children that needed support, believed intelligence was a general ability

Question 12

Lewis Terman and Henry Goddard

Answer 12

stanford-binet IQ test, Goddard translated to English and they promoted mass testing

Question 13

what is the best example of a symbolic representation

Answer 13

language

Question 14

representativeness heuristic

Answer 14

when you assume someone to be in a certain category because they appear to look that way e.g. assume a guy is a surfer because he has long blonde hair and a tan

Question 15

does the Eleanor Rosch dani tribe study support the Whorfian hypothesis

Answer 15

no

Question 16

does the Russian blues study support the Whorfian hypothesis

Answer 16

yes, the weak version

Question 17

spearman’s 2 factor theory

Answer 17

g factor is how you do overall on IQ test, s is specific category like reading (sporty - g but best at netball - s)

Question 18

what is the relationship between genetics and environment in intelligence

Answer 18

genetics gives you a set scale of min and max potential intelligence and environment determines where you fall on that scale

Question 19

what type of study technique has cohort effects and why

Answer 19

cross sectional because they experience different things in their life/brought up a certain way so may behave differently according to this

Question 20

what type of study technique has practice effects and why

Answer 20

longitudinal because they may have to do the same test and may be better at it due to practicing not because of getting better