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Psy/Soc > Thought and Emotion > Flashcards

Thought and Emotion Flashcards

1
Q

Cognition

A

Wide range of internal, mental activities (higher level)

ex. analyzing info, generating ideas, and problem solving

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2
Q

Perception

A

Organizing and identifying stimuli

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3
Q

Information-processing models

A

Computer like, input-output functions, serial processing

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4
Q

Cerebral cortex

A

Frontal, parietal, occipital, and temporal lobes

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5
Q

Frontal lobe

A

motor control, decision making, long-term storage

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6
Q

Parietal lobe

A

Tactile info processing (somatosensory cortex)

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7
Q

Occipital lobe

A

Visual info

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8
Q

Temporal lobe

A

Auditory and olfactory; emotion and language

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9
Q

Piaget’s theory of Cognitive Development

A

Psy and behavior change across lifespan
Assimilation: developing schemas
Accommodation: changing schema to fit new info

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10
Q

Stages of cognitive development (Stage theory)

A

Sensorimotor, preoperational,concrete operational, formal operational

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11
Q

Sensorimotor stage

A

0-2 yrs; learn object permanence and recognize self as separate from surrondings

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12
Q

Preoperational stage

A

2-7 yrs; learn to use language, think literally, egocentric world view

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13
Q

Concrete operational stage

A

7-11 yrs; become more logical in concrete thinking, inductive reasoning, idea of conservation

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14
Q

Formal operational stage

A

11+ yrs; thinks logically and abstract, deductive reasoning, theoretical thinking

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15
Q

Learning theory of language

A

B.F. Skinner; Language as form of behavior, therefore is learned via operant conditioning

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16
Q

Nativist theory of language

A

Chomsky; emphasizes innate biological mechanism

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17
Q

Interactionist theory of language:

A

Interplay between learning and nativist theory; focus is social role that language plays

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18
Q

Broca’s area

A

In frontal lobe; important in speech production

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19
Q

Wernicke’s area

A

In temporal lobe; important in understanding language

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20
Q

Intelligence

A

Ability to understand and reason with complex ideas, adapt effectively to the environment, and learn from experience

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21
Q

IQ

A

Correlates with school related
Easy to administer, but cultural bias and labeling
Highly heritable

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22
Q

General intelligence factor

A

Set level of intelligence
Fluid: prior subject knowledge
Crystallized: w/o prior subject knowledge

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23
Q

Theory of multiple intelligences

A

Gardner; variety of intelligences used in combination

Linguistic, musical, logical-mathematical, spatial…

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24
Q

Triarchic theory of intelligence

A

Sternberg; processes, experience, and cultural environment are factors
Analytical, creative, practical intelligences (adaptive)

25
Q

Emotional intelligence

A

Perceiving emotions, using and reasoning with emotions, understanding emotion, managing emotion

26
Q

Algorithm

A

Step by step procedure leading to definite solution

not the most efficient

27
Q

Trial and error

A

Repeated, unsystematic attempts

eventually successful, but very inefficient

28
Q

Heuristics

A

Mental shortcuts, rules of thumb

29
Q

Intuition

A

Based on personal perception, feel vs logic

30
Q

Cognitive bias

A

functional fixedness

31
Q

Cofirmational bias

A

Valuing new info that supports prior belief

Belief perseverance even when proved wrong

32
Q

Causation bias

A

Assuming a cause/effect relationship

33
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

attributes other’s actions to internal factors

34
Q

Lymbic system and autonomic NS role in emotion

A

Amygalda: unconscious emotional processing (fear,anger)

Prefrontal cortex: conscious regulation (temperament, decision making)

35
Q

James-Lange theory of emotion

A

Physiologically based; emotional experience depends on recognition and interpretation of physical rxn

36
Q

Cannon-Bard theory of emotion

A

Feeling and physiological rxns at same time

37
Q

Schacter-Singer theory of emotion

A

Takes into account both physical response and situational cues

38
Q

Universal emotions

A

fear, anger, happiness, surprise, joy, disgust, saddness

39
Q

Motivation

A

Psychological factor providing reason for behavior

40
Q

Instinct

A

Innate tendency to perform certain behavior

41
Q

Arousal

A

Tension, triggers attempt to return to ideal level of arousal

42
Q

Drive

A

Urges to perform specific behavior to decrease arousal when cause by a need

43
Q

Drive reduction theory of motivation

A

Focuses on internal factors to decrease arousal

44
Q

Incentive theory of motivation

A

Motivated by external rewards, highlight feeling of please associated with reward

45
Q

Cognitive theories of motivation

A

People’s behavior based on their expectations

Intrinsic and extrinsic

46
Q

Need-based theories of motivation

A

Motivated by desire to fulfill unmet needs
Maslow’s hierarchy of needs
Self actualization
Esteem
Belongingness
Safety
Physiological

47
Q

Foot in the door phenomenon

A

People more likely to agree to large request if they first agree to a smaller one; behavior influences attitude

48
Q

Role-playing

A

Foreign role feels more normal over time; behavior influences attitude

49
Q

Repeated attitude

A

Significant outcome expected; attitude influences behavior

50
Q

Cognitive dissonance

A

Conflict between internal attitude and external behavior

51
Q

Cognitive dissonance theory

A

People have desire to avoid internal discomfort

52
Q

Elaboration likelihood model

A

Change in response to an argument

53
Q

Peripheral route processing

A

When individual does not thin deeply to evaluate the argument

54
Q

Central route processing

A

Does thin deeply and even elaborates

55
Q

Social cognitive theory

A

social learning perspective

reciprocal causation: personal, behavioral, and environment factors all influence each other

56
Q

Factors affecting attitude change

A

Behavior change, characteristics of the message, characteristics of the target, social factors

57
Q

Acute stress response

A

Fight or flight response
epinephrine released by SNS then by adrenal glands
inc HR, BP, and breathing
Long term causes inc cortisol and - effects

58
Q

Stress management

A

exercise, spirituality, meditation

Psy/Soc (5 decks)

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