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Psy/Soc > Biological Correlates of Psychology > Flashcards

Biological Correlates of Psychology Flashcards

1
Q

Regulatory genes

A

Affect various steps from DNA -> protein altering gene expression

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2
Q

Epigenetics

A

Genetic expression and associated behavior changes in response to environment

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3
Q

Sensation

A

Conversion of physical stimuli into electrical signals

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4
Q

Perception

A

Use of sensor info and prior knowledge to create a functional representation of the world

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5
Q

Absolute threshold

A

Lowest intensity of stimuli that can be sensed

Psychological processes can modify the threshold

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6
Q

Difference threshold

A

Smallest difference that can be detected

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7
Q

Webber’s law

A

Change required to be detected is a fraction of original stim

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8
Q

Signal detection theory

A

How organisms differentiates between signals from noise

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9
Q

Attention

A

Selects sensory info for perceptual processing

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10
Q

Selective attention

A

Focus on one stim and exclusion of another

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11
Q

Divided attention

A

Splits perceptual resources

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12
Q

Bottom up processing

A

Construction of perception from individual sensory pieces

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13
Q

Top down processing

A

Brings in prior knowledge to make processing efficient

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14
Q

Gesalt principle

A

Describes top down processing that organizes sensory info into distinct forms

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15
Q

Constancy

A

Distinguishes between info received and change in surrounding

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16
Q

Visual processing

A

Interpretation of sensory data (bottom up processing)

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17
Q

Parallel processing

A

Use of multiple pathways to convey info about the same stim; at same time

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18
Q

Feature detection

A

processes increasingly complex aspects of stimulus; sequential processing

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19
Q

Consciousness

A

Awareness

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20
Q

Alertness

A

Default state of consciousness, Beta waves

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21
Q

Circadian Rhythms

A

Regulates body’s functions on predictable schedule

SCN in hypothalamus keeps body awake by inhibiting release of melatonin during the day

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22
Q

Sleep Cycle

A

Stage 1: light sleep; alpha waves, wakeful
Stage 2: transition; bursts of brainwave activity
Stage 3: deep; delta waves appear
Stage 4: deepest; all delta waves

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23
Q

REM sleep

A

High brain activity in stage 1 sleep

In later cycles, dreaming, consolidating memories, removes stimuli from day

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24
Q

N-REM

A

Largest portion of sleep

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25
Q

Sleep terrors

A

During NREM vs nightmares in REM

26
Q

Hypnosis

A

State of relaxation, focused attention, increased willingness to relinquish control over one’s actions

27
Q

Meditation

A

Intentional, self-produced state of consciousness

28
Q

Agonists

A

Mimic naturally occurring NT, enhances effects

29
Q

Antagonist

A

Take up receptors of NT without activation, diminishes effects

30
Q

Reuptake inhibitors

A

Increase amount of NT in synapses

31
Q

Enzyme inhibitors

A

Prevent breakdown of NT taken up

32
Q

Stimulants

A

Increase activity of CNS

ex. epinephrine, dopamine

33
Q

Depressants

A

Decrease activity of CNS

34
Q

Hallucionogens

A

Alter sensory and perception of experience

35
Q

Drug addiction

A

Hijacks brain’s reward pathway

Decreases natural occurring NT

36
Q

Declarative memory

A

Info consciously known

37
Q

Non-declarative/procedural

A

Unconscious ability to remember how to perform a task

38
Q

Sensory memory

A

Transduction of stimuli

39
Q

Short term memory

A

Holds info in consciousness
Rehearsal, chunking allow info to be retained
Info represented as auditory info
7 +/- 2 retained

40
Q

Working memory

A

Allows active use of info

41
Q

Long term memory

A

Held outside conscious awareness but can be recalled at any time
Unlimited

42
Q

Neural plasticity

A

Ability of brain’s neuronal networks to change

43
Q

Memory consolidation

A

Strengthening of neural network that represents a memory

44
Q

Long term postentiation (LTP)

A

The increased likelihood that a presynaptic input will trigger an action potential in postsynaptic neuron

45
Q

Spreading activation

A

Brings related memories to light

46
Q

Recall

A

Retrieval of memory “by scratch”

47
Q

Recognition

A

Correct identification of info that is presented

48
Q

Retrieval cues

A

Environmental stimuli or pieces of info that help recall

49
Q

Role of emotion

A

Emotions as retrieval cues

50
Q

Relearning

A

Allows for detection of long term memories that have become inaccessible to conscious recognition or recall

51
Q

Decay

A

Fading of memory, lost if not used

52
Q

Primacy effect

A

Easier to remember 1st items presented

53
Q

Recency effect

A

Easier to remember last items presented

54
Q

Interferrence

A

Similar info prevents retrieval of a memory

55
Q

Retroactive interferrence

A

New info prevents recalling old info

56
Q

Proactive interferrence

A

Old info prevents recalling of new info

57
Q

Memory construction

A

Memories can be updated with new info

58
Q

Source monitoring

A

Memory attributed to particular source

59
Q

Alzheimer’s disease

A

Amyloid plaques: extracellular protein deposits

Neurofibrillary tangles: w/ in euron

60
Q

Korsakoff’s syndrom

A

Nutritional deficiency in vitamin B
Older memories unaffected
Related to sever alcoholism

61
Q

Parkinson’s disease

A

Neurodegenerative disease
Deterioration of substantia nigra w/in midbrain
Impaired motor abilities, dopamine deficiency

Psy/Soc (5 decks)

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