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Psy/Soc > Identity and the Individual > Flashcards

Identity and the Individual Flashcards

1
Q

Personality

A

Collection of lasting characteristics that makes a person unique

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2
Q

Trait theory

A

Personality consists of traits that vary between people, but are stable across lifetimes

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3
Q

Big 5 Model

A

Openness to experience, conscientiousness, extroversion, disagreeableness, and neuroticism

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4
Q

Biological theory

A

Focus on biological contribution to traits

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5
Q

Tempermant

A

Genetically influenced “baseline” modified by environmental factors throughout life

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6
Q

Psychoanalitic theroy

A

Freud’s; universal personality structure contributing to behavior and differences between people. Personality determined by flow of psyche nrg btw id, superego, ego

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7
Q

Id

A

Instant gratification regardless of morality/social norms

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8
Q

Superego

A

Internalization of society’s rules

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9
Q

Ego

A

Balances id and superego

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10
Q

Behaviorist theory

A

Personality constructed through experiences with others; personality is behavior

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11
Q

Social cognitive theory

A

Focuses on experiences; behaviors important, but also mental life and personal choices

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12
Q

Reciprocal causation

A

behaviorenvironment Personal Factors

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13
Q

Humanistic theory

A

Rogers; People continually seek experiences that make them better, more fulfilled people

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14
Q

Situational Apporach

A

Different situations call for interpretations of the events

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15
Q

Identity

A

Person’s view of who they are (large emphasis on perception of one’s self)

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16
Q

Self-concept

A

Knowledge of one’s self separate from other people and constant throughout life

17
Q

Social identity

A

Perception of one’s self as member of certain social groups (categorization in group and emotional attachment)

18
Q

Influence of social factors on identity formation

A

Culture/socialization, individuals, social comparison, reference group (in/out)

19
Q

Influence of personal factors on identity formation

A

Self-esteem: judgement of self
Self-efficacy: feeling of being able to carry out action
Locus of control: personal belief about extent to which internal vs external factors play role in shaping life

20
Q

Freud’s theory of develompent

A 
Psychosocial stages of development
Oral-1st year-nursing
Anal-2nd year-toilet training
Phallic-3-6-gender/sexual identification
Latent-7-12- Social development
Genital-adolescent-mature sexuality
21
Q

Erickson’s theory of development

A

Psychosocial Approach

  1. Trust vs mistrust
  2. Autonomy vs shame,doubt
  3. Initiative vs guilt
  4. Industry vs inferiority
  5. Identity vs role
  6. Intimacy vs isolation
  7. Generativity vs stagnation
  8. Integrity vs despair
22
Q

Vygotsky’s theory of development

A

Involvement of social and cultural factors
current development ] Zone of Proximal ] Beyond current
level development potential

23
Q

Kohlburg’s theory of development

A 
Moral development
LEVEL 1 - Preconceived morality
Stage 1 -Punishment
Stage 2 - Reward
LEVEL 2 - Conventional morality
Stage 3 - Social Disapproval
Stage 4 - Rule following
LEVEL 3 - Post Conventional morality
Stage 5 - Social contract
Stage 6 - Universal ethics
24
Q

Attribution theory

A

Research to explain observed behavior of others

25
Q

Dispositional attribution

A

Assigning cause to inherent quality

26
Q

Situational attribution

A

Environmental forces in control

27
Q

Fundamental attribution error

A

Blame others for their actions without considering situational factors

28
Q

Self-serving bias

A

Tendency to attribute success to internal factors and failures to external factors

29
Q

Somatoform disorders

A

Somatic symptoms and related disorders characterized by bodily symptoms and psychological symptoms
18%

30
Q

Anxiety Disorders

A

Unwanted fear and anxiety, psy tension, and behavior associated with experience of anxiety

ex. general anxiety disorder, panic disorder, phobias
9. 5%

31
Q

Mood disorders

A

Disruptions in emotion that influence personal functioning

ex. depression, bipolar

32
Q

Depression

A

Lasting feelings of sadness and hopelessness, loss of interest in enjoyed activities
decreased functioning, disrupted sleep/eating, inability to concentrate
40% heritability
Low serotonin, norepinephrine, noreadrenaline, and dopamine
Overactivation of stress response (high ACTH, cortisol)

33
Q

Schizophrenia

A

Impaired connection with reality
+ symptoms: Hallucinations, delusions, disorganized speech
- symptoms: lack of emotion, motivation, and enjoyment of activity
Large genetic influence, dopamine related, smaller brain structures
1%

34
Q

Dissociative disorders

A

Experience of dissociation between different aspects of psychological functioning

35
Q

Dissociative amnesia

A

Loss of psychological function

36
Q

Depersonalization/derealization disorder

A

feeling that the self or surroundings are unreal from the individual

37
Q

Dissociative identity disorder

A

disruption of identity

38
Q

Personality disorders

A

Chronic states of psychological dysfunction related to one’s personality
9%

Psy/Soc (5 decks)

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