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ANATOMY > Thorax (skeletal muscles) > Flashcards

Thorax (skeletal muscles) Flashcards

1
Q

What structures make up the thoracic cage?

A

Thoracic vertebrae
Ribs
Sternum

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2
Q

What is the anatomical term for the breastbone?

A

Sternum

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3
Q

From superior to inferior, what are the three main parts of the sternum?

A

Manubrium
Body
Xiphoid process

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4
Q

What are the depressions on the sternum for the articulation of the clavicles?

A

Clavicular notches

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5
Q

What is the shallow, superior depression on the sternum?

A

Suprasternal notch

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6
Q

What depressions on the sternum do the ribs articulate with?

A

Costal notches

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7
Q

What palpable feature lies at the articulation of the manubrium and the body of the sternum?

A

Sternal angle

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8
Q

How many ribs are there?

A

12 pairs

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9
Q

What ribs have their costal cartilages directly articulated with the sternum? What are their numbers?

A

True ribs (1-7)

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10
Q

What ribs do not have their costal cartilages directly articulated with the sternum? What are their numbers?

A

False ribs (8-12)

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11
Q

What type of rib has no connection with the sternum? What are their numbers?

A

Floating ribs (11-12)

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12
Q

What part of a rib articulates with the body (bodies) of a vertebra(e)?

A

Head

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13
Q

What part of a rib articulates with the transverse process of a vertebra?

A

Tubercle

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14
Q

What part of a rib lies between the head and tubercle?

A

Neck

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15
Q

Ribs project posterolaterally from the vertebral column. What is the region of a rib where it changes if direction and begins curving toward the sternum?

A

Angle

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16
Q

What is the main part of a rib?

A

Body/shaft

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17
Q

What feature on the inferior side of a rib marks the path of an artery, a vein, and a nerve?

A

Costal groove

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18
Q

What is the structure, function, and an example of sternoclavicular joints?

A

Structurally: Synovial
Functionally: Diarthrodial
One of three examples of a saddle joint in the body.

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19
Q

The joint between the anteriomedial aspect of the ribs and the costal cartilages

A

Costochondral Joints.
Contain hyaline cartilage
Functionally: Snyarthrodial
Structurally: Cartilagenous

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20
Q

Sternocostal Joints

A

The 1st sternocostal joint is cartilaginous
(The 2nd through 7th are synovial joints)

21
Q

Identify: Pectoralis major

A

Origin: Clavicular head: Anterior surface of medial half of clavicle
Sternocostal head: Anterior surface of sternum, superior six costal cartilages and aponeurosis of external abdominal oblique
Insertion: Crest of greater tubercle of humerus (Lateral lip of intertubercular groove)
Action: Adducts and medially rotates humerus. Draws shoulder joint anteriorly and inferiorly. Acting alone: Clavicular head flexes humerus and sternocostal head extends it

22
Q

Identify: Pectoralis minor

A

Origin: Sternal ends of the 3rd, 4th, and 5th ribs
Insertion: Coracoid process of the scapula
Action: Pulls scapula forward and downward

23
Q

Identify: Serratus anterior

A

Origin: External surfaces of lateral parts of ribs 1-8/9
Insertion: Anterior vertebral border of the scapula
Action: Pulls scapula forward and downward

24
Q

Identify: External Intercostals

A

Origin - Inferior border of a rib from costal tubercle to end of rib at articulation with costal cartilage.
Insertion - Superior border of rib just inferior to rib of origin

25
Q

Identify: Internal intercostals

A

Origin - Superior border of a rib from costal angle to sternum.
Insertion - Inferior border of rib just superior to rib of origin.
Action - Interchondral portion: elevates and draws ribs together during inspiration as needed. Interosseous portion: depresses and draws ribs together during expiration as needed.

26
Q

Identify: Diaphragm

A

Origin - Xiphoid process, costal cartilages of last six ribs and lumbar vertebrae.
Insertion - Central tendon.
Action - Pulls central tendon inferiorly.

27
Q

What part of the vertebrate nervous system innervates smooth and cardiac muscle and glandular tissues and governs involuntary, vital functions?

A

The autonomic nervous system

28
Q

By this definition the ANS is

A

Purely motor

29
Q

The somatic and autonomic divisions (SNS & ANS) are

A

functional divisions of the nervous system with components in both the CNS and PNS.

30
Q

If we follow a nerve impulse from the CNS to an effector within the SNS (Somatic), how many motor neurons would be involved?

A

One

31
Q

If we follow a nerve impulse from the CNS to an effector within the ANS, how many motor neurons would be involved?

A

Two

32
Q

A motor neuron within the ANS that lies between the CNS and a ganglion is what type of neuron?

A

Preganglionic neuron

33
Q

A motor neuron within the ANS that lies between a ganglion and an effector is what type of neuron?

A

Ganglionic neuron

34
Q

What is the axon of a ganglionic neuron within the ANS?

A

Postganglionic axon

35
Q

What are the two divisions of the ANS?

A

Parasympathetic and Sympathetic

36
Q

What division of the ANS is primarily concerned with conserving energy and replenishing nutrient stores and has been nicknamed the “rest-and-digest” division?

A

Parasympathetic

37
Q

What division of the ANS is primarily concerned with preparing the body for emergencies and is often referred to as the “fight-or-flight” division?

A

Sympathetic

38
Q

What is another term for the parasympathetic division?

A

Craniosacral division

39
Q

Where are the cell bodies of the preganglionic neurons for the parasympathetic division located?

A

Brainstem
Gray regions of S2-S4 spinal cord segments

40
Q

Where are the ganglia of the parasympathetic division found?

A

Next to or within the organs they innervate

41
Q

What is another term for the sympathetic division of the ANS?

A

Thoracolumbar division

42
Q

From what regions of the CNS does the sympathetic division arise?

A

The lateral horns of the T1-L2 regions of the spinal cord

43
Q

What part of spinal nerves do the preganglionic sympathetic axons travel within as they leave the lateral horn of the spinal cord?

A

Anterior root

44
Q

What sympathetic ganglia lie on the left and right sides of the vertebral column from T1-L2?

A

Sympathetic trunk/Paravertebral ganglia

45
Q

What are the connections between the spinal nerves and the sympathetic trunks?

A

Rami communicates (communicating rami)

46
Q

What structures carry preganglionic sympathetic axons from the T1-L2 spinal nerves to the sympathetic trunk?

A

White rami communicantes (white rami)

47
Q

What structures carry postganglionic sympathetic axons from the sympathetic trunk to the spinal nerves?

A

Gray rami communicates (gray rami)

48
Q

What pathway is a postganglionic axon within if it travels through a gray ramus that is at the same level as the ganglionic neuron to innervate blood vessels or arrector pili muscles or sweat glands?

A

Spinal nerve pathway

49
Q

What pathway is a postganglionic axon within if the preganglionic neuron synapses with a ganglionic neuron in a sympathetic trunk ganglion, but the postganglionic axon DOES NOT leave the trunk via a gray ramus, but instead the postganglionic axon extends away from the sympathetic trunk ganglion and goes directly to the effector organ?

A

Postganglionic sympathetic nerve pathway

ANATOMY (5 decks)

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