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ANATOMY > Thorax (heart And Circulatory Structures) > Flashcards

Thorax (heart And Circulatory Structures) Flashcards

1
Q

Which side of the heart pumps blood in the pulmonary circuit?

A

Right

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2
Q

Which side of the heart pumps blood in the systemic circuit?

A

Left

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3
Q

Approximately how large is the heart?

A

Size of a persons fist

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4
Q

Where is the heart located?

A

About a third of it is left of the midline posterior to the sternum in the middle mediastinum. The other third is to the right of the midline.

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5
Q

What is the base of the heart?

A

The posterosuperior surface, formed primarily by the left atrium

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6
Q

What is the apex of the heart?

A

The inferior, conical end.
It projects slightly anteroinferiorly towards the left side of the body.

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7
Q

What fibrous, serous sac surrounds the heart?

A

Pericardium

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8
Q

What is the outer, tough, dense connective tissue layer of the sac surrounding the heart?

A

Fibrous pericardium

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9
Q

What is the inner portion of the sac surrounding the heart?

A

Serous pericardium

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10
Q

What layer of the serous pericardium lines the inner surface of the of the fibrous pericardium?

A

Parietal layer

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11
Q

What layer of the serous pericardium covers the outside of the heart?

A

Visceral layer

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12
Q

What is the space between the parietal and visceral layers of the serous pericardium?

A

Pericardial cavity

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13
Q

List the three layers of the heart wall.

A

Epicardium
Myocardium
Endocardium

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14
Q

What layer of the heart is a serous membrane?

A

Epicardium

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15
Q

What layer of the heart is composed of cardiac muscle?

A

Myocardium

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16
Q

What layer of the heart is composed of a single of simple squamous epithelium?

A

Endocardium

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17
Q

How many chambers make up the heart?

A

4

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18
Q

What are the two superior chambers of the heart that receive blood returning from the body and the lungs?

A

Atria (atrium = singular)

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19
Q

What are the two inferior chambers of the heart that pump blood to the lungs and the body?

A

Ventricles

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20
Q

What relatively deep depression lies between the atria and the ventricles of the heart?

A

Coronary sulcus

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21
Q

What depressions lie between the ventricles of the heart?

A

Anterior and posterior interventricular sulci

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22
Q

What structure composed of dense irregular connective tissue lies between the atria and ventricles of the heart?

A

Fibrous skeleton

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23
Q

The right atrium of the heart receives blood from what circuit?

A

Systemic circuit

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24
Q

What three vessels empty into the right atrium?

A

Superior vena cava
Inferior vena cava
Coronary sinus

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25
Q

What structure separates the right and left atria of the heart?

A

Interatrial septum

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26
Q

What separates the right atrium and right ventricle?

A

Right atrioventricular opening

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27
Q

What prevents blood from returning to the right atrium as the right ventricle contracts?

A

Right atrioventricular (AV) valve (tricuspid valve)

28
Q

What structure separates the right and left ventricles of the heart?

A

Interventricular septum

29
Q

What nipple-like structures project from the wall of the right ventricle?

A

Papillary muscles

30
Q

What structures anchor the tricuspid valve to the walls of the right ventricle and prevent it from everting into the right atrium?

A

Chordae tendineae

31
Q

What blood vessel carries blood away from the right ventricle of the heart?

A

Pulmonary trunk

32
Q

What valve prevents blood from returning to the right ventricle as that ventricle relaxes?

A

Pulmonary valve

33
Q

The pulmonary trunk bifurcates into what two blood vessels?

A

Pulmonary arteries

34
Q

What blood vessels carry blood from the lungs to the left atrium of the heart?

A

Pulmonary veins

35
Q

What separates the left atrium from the left ventricle?

A

Left atrioventricular opening

36
Q

What structure prevents blood from returning to the left atrium as the left ventricle contracts?

A

Left atrioventricular (AV) valve (mitral valve or bicuspid valve)

37
Q

What structures anchor the mitral valve to the walls of the left ventricle and prevent it from everting into the right atrium?

A

Chordae tendineae

38
Q

What nipple-like structures project from the walls of the left ventricle?

A

Papillary muscles

39
Q

What structure prevents blood from returning to the left ventricle as that ventricle relaxes?

A

Aortic valve

40
Q

What system of arteries, capillaries, and veins supplies the heart with blood?

A

Coronary circulation

41
Q

What arteries arise from the ascending aorta to supply the heart with blood?

A

Coronary arteries

42
Q

What branch of the right coronary artery supplies the right border of the heart?

A

Marginal artery

43
Q

What branch of the right coronary artery supplies the ventricles on the posterior side of the heart?

A

Posterior interventricular arteries

44
Q

What branch of the left coronary artery supplies the anterior walls of the ventricles?

A

Anterior interventricular artery

45
Q

What branch of the left coronary artery supplies the left atrium and left ventricle?

A

Circumflex artery

46
Q

What is a communication between or coalescence of blood vessels?

A

Anastomoses

47
Q

What is circulation of blood established through enlargement of minor vessels and anastomosis of vessels with those of adjacent parts when a major vein or artery is functionally impaired (as by obstruction)?

A

Collateral circulation

48
Q

What vein in the coronary circulation lies in the anterior interventricular sulcus and the left side of the AV sulcus?

A

Great cardiac vein

49
Q

What vein in the coronary circulation lies in the posterior interventricular sulcus?

A

Middle cardiac vein

50
Q

What vein in the coronary circulation runs along side the right marginal artery and lies in the right portion of the AV sulcus?

A

Small cardiac vein

51
Q

What large vein lies in the AV sulcus on the posterior side of the heart and drains into the right atrium?

A

Coronary Sinus

52
Q

What blood vessel returns blood from the lower limbs, pelvis, perineum, and abdominal structures to the right atrium of the heart?

A

Inferior vena cava

53
Q

What blood vessel returns blood from the upper limbs, head, neck, and thoracic structures to the right atrium of the heart?

A

Superior vena cava

54
Q

What coronary blood vessel empties into the right atrium of the heart?

A

The coronary sinus

55
Q

Veins that drain the head, neck, and upper limbs merge to form what vessels?

A

Left and right brachiocephalic veins

56
Q

The convergence of the internal jugular vein and the subclavian vein forms what vein?

A

Brachiocephalic vein

57
Q

The convergence of the brachiocephalic veins forms what vein?

A

Superior vena cava

58
Q

What system of veins drains the posterior abdominal and thoracic walls?

A

Azygos system

59
Q

What vein carries blood from the posterior abdominal and thoracic walls into the superior vena cava?

A

Azygos vein

60
Q

The umbilical vein enters the body of the fetus through the umbilicus and goes to the liver. There it delivers some blood to the liver. The remainder of the blood is taken to the inferior vena cava by what blood vessel?

A

Ductus venosus

61
Q

What structure allows blood to be shunted from the right atrium to the left atrium of the fetus thus shunting this blood away from the lungs?

A

Foramen ovale

62
Q

The foramen ovale becomes what structure after birth?

A

Fossa ovalis

63
Q

What structure shunts blood from the pulmonary trunk to the aorta of the fetus?

A

Ductus arteriosus

64
Q

The ductus arteriosus becomes what structure after birth?

A

Ligamentum arteriosum

65
Q

What structure collects lymph from the right upper extremity, the right side of the head and neck, and the right side of the thorax and returns it to the blood at the junction of the right internal jugular vein and the right subclavian vein?

A

Right lymphatic duct

66
Q

What structure collects lymph from the left side of the head and neck, left upper extremity, left thorax, and all body regions inferior to the diaphragm?

A

Thoracic duct

67
Q

What rounded, saclike structure lies at the base of the thoracic duct?

A

Cisterna chyli

ANATOMY (5 decks)

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