Thorax practice q's 01 Flashcards
During a physical examination of the back, the clinician utilizes specific anatomical surface landmarks for orientation. One landmark is a horizontal line joining the highest points of the iliac crests and passing through the tip of the T12 spinous process. A. True B. False
B. False
The posterior axillary line crosses the superior angle of the scapula.
A. True
B. False
B. False
Scoliosis is characterized by an abnormal lateral curvature, accompanied by rotation of the vertebrae.
A. True
B. False
A. True
All of the following are true except?
A. The cervical curvature is secondary and becomes prominent when an infant begins to hold its head erect
B. The lumbar curvature is secondary and becomes obvious when a young child begins to walk and assume an upright posture
C. Women often develop a temporary lordosis during pregnancy
D. Kyphosis is characterized by an abnormal increase in the cervical curvature of the vertebral column
E. Thoracic and sacral curvatures are primary curvatures that develop during the fetal period
D. Kyphosis is characterized by an abnormal increase in the cervical curvature of the vertebral column
Kyphosis is an abnormal increase in the thoracic curvature of the vertebral column.
The following statement is FALSE regarding the circulation of the lungs.
A. The pulmonary veins drain oxygenated blood from the left atrium
B. The pulmonary arteries deliver poorly oxygenated blood to the lungs for oxygenation
C. The pulmonary arteries subdivide into lobar and segmental arteries within the lung
D. The rt. pulmonary artery courses underneath the aortic arch before it reaches the hium of the rt. lung
E. The bronchial arteries deliver poorly oxygenated blood to the visceral pleura and structures that comprise the root of the lungs
E. The bronchial arteries deliver poorly oxygenated blood to the visceral pleura and structures that comprise the root of the lungs
Bronchial arteries deliver oxygenated blood to the visceral pleura and structures that comprise the root of the lungs
Thorough knowledge of the auscultatory areas of the ant. chest wall is important for physicians to diagnose valvular disease. Identify the discordant (mismatched) pair
A. Aortic valve- 2nd rt. intercostal space, adjacent to the sternal border
B. Mitral valve-5th left intercostal space, 4-5 cm lateral to the sternum
C. Tricuspid valve- 4th or 5th left intercostal space, adjacent to the sternal border
D. Pulmonic valve-2nd left intercostal space, adjacent to the sternal border
E. Aortic valve- 3rd left intercostal space, adjacent to the sternal border
E. Aortic valve- 3rd left intercostal space, adjacent to the sternal border
The Aortic valve is most audible over the rt. 2nd intercostal space just lateral to the sternum
So correct pairing would be: Aortic valve-2nd intercostal space, adjacent (lateral) to the sternal border (A)
Not A b/c (see above)
Not B b/c Mitral (bicuspid) valve is most audible over the apical region of the heart in the left 5th intercostal space at the midclavicular line (4-5 cm lateral to the sternum)
Not C b/ c tricuspid valve is most audible over the rt. lower pt. of the body of the sternum, 4th or 5th left intercostal space, adjacent to the sternal border
Not D b/c the pulmonic valve is most audible over the left 2nd intercostal space just lateral to the sternum (adjacent to the sternal border)
Herniation (protrusion) of a nucleus pulposus into or through an anulus fibrosus in the lumbar region is a well-characterized cause of low back pain
A. True
B. False
A. True
A 33 yr old AA woman has shortness of breath. After performing a bronchoscopy, the pulmonologist determines that she has an occlusion of the left main bronchus. Depending on the type of occlusion, laser bronchoscopy may be an optional treatment but is considered risky b/c all of the following nerves or vessels course very close to the left main bronchus, EXCEPT
A. Left recurrent laryngeal n.
B. Left subclavian a.
C. Left pulmonary a.
D. Aortic arch
E. Ascending aorta
B. Left subclavian a.
Identify the TRUE statement regarding ligaments of the vertebral column
A. due to the secondary curvature of the cervical vertebrae and the shortness of C3 through C5 spinous processes, the nuchal ligament substitutes the for bone in providing muscular attachments
B. The dura mater of the spinal cord is anchored to the vertebral bodies by the ant. longitudinal ligament
C. The post. longitudinal ligament runs w/in the vertebral canal along the laminae of the vertebral arch
D. The interspinous ligament is a long cordlike ligament that connects the apices (tips) of the spinous processes from CV7 to LV5
E. The ligamentum flava connect the ant. aspects of the vertebral bodies and the intervertebral discs
A. due to the secondary curvature of the cervical vertebrae and the shortness of C3 through C5 spinous processes, the nuchal ligament substitutes the for bone in providing muscular attachments
Many of the branches of the _____ vessels course through the ant. mediastinum?
A. Internal thoracic
B. Azygos
C. Bronchial
D. Subcostal
E. Esophageal
A. Internal thoracic
The SVC returns blood to the heart exclusively from structures sup. to the diaphragm, including the heart and the lungs.
A. True
B. False
B. False
All of the following muscles attach to the nuchal ligament, EXCEPT the
A. Rhomboid minor m.
B. Rhomboid major m.
C. Trapezius m.
D. Serratus post. sup. m.
E. Splenius cervicus m.
B. Rhomboid major m. Rhomboid major m. originates from spines of T2-T5 and inserts into medial border of scapula. It does NOT attach to the nuchal ligament (ligamentum nuchae)
Not A b/c rhomboid minor m. originates from spines of CV7-TV1. Ligamentum nuchae ends at CV7. ligamentum nuchae is supraspinous ligament. It extends from the external occipital protuberance on the skull and median nuchal line to the spinous process of the seventh cervical vertebra in the lower part of the neck.
Not C b/c trapezius originates from nuchal ligament.
Not D b/c serratus post. sup. m. originates from the nuchal ligament
Not E b/c splenius cervicus m. originates from the nuchal ligament
The following statemnt is TRUE regarding the ribs
A. the 2nd rib is considered a true rib
B. The costal cartilage of the 1st rib attaches to the manubriosternal joint (sternal angle)
C. The 10th rib is classified as floating (unattached anteriorly)
D. The subclavian a. & v. are deep to the 1st rib
E. The 1st rib is very easy to palpate
A. the 2nd rib is considered a true rib
Not B b/c 1st rib costal cartilage attaches to sternalclavicular joint
Not C b/c 10 is a false rib, 11 and 12 are floating
Not D b/c the subclavian a. & v. are sup. to the 1st rib
Not E b/c the 1st rib is very difficult to palpate
Identify the TRUE statement regarding the transversospinal muscle group of the back
A. Acting unilaterally, they pull the spinous processes towards the transverse processes of the same side and therefore turn the body to the opposite
B. When a multifidus attaches to a transverse process, it skips 6-8 vertebrae before it attaches to a spinous process superiorly
C. The rotatores muscles are the most superficial layer of the transversospinal group
D. The spinalis muscles are one of the 3 groups of the transversospinal muscle group
E. They are innervated by ventral primary rami
A. Acting unilaterally, they pull the spinous processes towards the transverse processes of the same side and therefore turn the body to the opposite.
The transversospinal muscles are a group of muscles of the human back. Their combined action is rotation and extension of the vertebral column. They include:
semispinalis, spanning 4-6 vertebral segments
semispinalis dorsi
semispinalis cervicis
semispinalis capitis
multifidus, spanning 2-4 vertebral segments
rotatores, spanning 1-2 vertebral segments
rotatores cervicis
rotatores thoracis
rotatores lumborum
The trachea ends at the level of the sternal angle where it bifurcates into the rt. and left main bronchi.
A. True
B. False
A. True. The trachea ends by bifurcating into the right and left main bronchi at the level of the sternal angle betw. TV4 and TV5.
With the coracoid process, the pectoralis minor forms a “bridge” underwhich vessels and nerves pass to the arm. Therefore, the pec minor is a useful surgical landmark for structures in the axilla. In this regard, the pectoralis minor partially protects the cephalic v. from injury during surgery in the ant. axillary region.
A. True
B. False
B. False
Cephalic v. is not near pec minor. pec minor protects axllary v. not cephalic v.
The serratus post. sup. m. lie superficial to the rhomboids?
A. True
B. False
B. False
Serratus post. sup. m. lie deep to the rhomboids.
