Thorax Osteology - Exam 2 Flashcards
true ribs
1-7
articulate directly with sternum
#2 articulates at sternal angle
false ribs
8-10
attach to sternum indirectly through costal cartilage of 7th rib
floating ribs
11 and 12
no attachment to anterior
rib parts
head
costal tubercle
neck
body
rib head
articulates with inferior and superior costal facets on vertebral body (ribs 2-10)
costal tubercle (rib)
articulates with costal facet of transverse tubercle
neck (rib)
between head and costal tubercle
body (rib)
shaft of rib
sternum (parts)
manubrium, body, xiphoid process
sternal body
connected to manubrium at sternal angle
xiphoid process
connected to body at xiphisternal joint
superior thoracic aperture (thoracic inlet)
borders: T1 vertebra + 1st rib + manubrium of sternum
location of thoracic outlet syndrome which can affect subclavian vessels and brachial plexus
inferior thoracic aperture (thoracic outlet)
borders: xiphisternal joint + costal margin + ribs 11 and 12 + T12 vertebra
breast quadrants
super-lateral, superomedial, inferolateral, inferomedial
breast parts
nipple/areola
suspensory ligaments
mammary lobes (contains mammary glands)
lactiferous ducts (lead to lactiferous sinus)
*neurovasculature differs between quads and sides
lymph drainage of breasts
lateral breasts -> axillary lymph nodes
medial breasts -> parasternal lymph node (lateral to sternum)
breast cancer
60% begin in superolateral quadrant (tissue density is highest)
breast cancer survival decreases with level of lymph metastasis
superior lymph nodes (near clavicle) - poor prognosis
irregular ribs/costovertebral joints
ribs 1, 11, and 12 articulate with single facets on T1, T11, and T12 atypical costovertebral joints
