Breathing/Respiratory Muscles - Exam 2

Question 1

external intercostals

Answer 1

extend between adjacent ribs, hands in pockets orientation

Question 2

external intercostals origin

Answer 2

superior rib

Question 3

external intercostals insertion

Answer 3

inferior rib

Question 4

external intercostals actions

Answer 4

aids in inhalation, lifts ribs up and out

Question 5

internal intercostals

Answer 5

extend between adjacent ribs, hands in gloves orientation

Question 6

internal intercostals origin

Answer 6

inferior rib

Question 7

internal intercostals insertion

Answer 7

superior rib

Question 8

internal intercostals action

Answer 8

aids in forced expiration, pulls ribs in and down

Question 9

innermost intercostals

Answer 9

extend between adjacent ribs, hands in gloves orientation

Question 10

innermost intercostals origin

Answer 10

inferior rib

Question 11

innermost intercostals insertion

Answer 11

superior rib

Question 12

innermost intercostals action

Answer 12

aids in forced expiration, pulls ribs in and down

Question 13

subcostal

Answer 13

extends across 2-3 ribs on interior thoracic wall, hands in gloves orientation

Question 14

subcostals action

Answer 14

aids in expiration, pulls ribs back down

Question 15

transversus thoracis

Answer 15

extends from sternum to costal cartilages

Question 16

transversus thoracis action

Answer 16

retracts sternum to aid in expiration

Question 17

intercostal grooves

Answer 17

contains veins arteries and nerves (VAN)
between internal and innermost intercostals

Question 18

posterior intercostal veins

Answer 18

drain into azygous system (including hemi and accessory)

Question 19

anterior intercostal veins

Answer 19

drain into the internal thoracic vein

Question 20

posterior intercostal arteries

Answer 20

branch directly from aorta

Question 21

anterior intercostal arteries

Answer 21

branch from internal thoracic artery

Question 22

nerves (intercostal groove)

Answer 22

arise from anterior rami of thoracic spinal nerves and sympathetic chain

Question 23

diaphragm

Answer 23

made up of 2 parts with distinct embryonic origin -> central tendon and costal (muscle) part
3 openings - caval, esophageal hiatus, aortic hiatus
changes volume of the thoracic cavity to allow respiration
contraction = inspiration
relax = expiration

Question 24

diaphragm innervation

Answer 24

phrenic nerve (bilaterally)

Question 25

what happens when the central tendon and costal (muscle) part of diaphragm don’t fuse?

Answer 25

congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Question 26

mechanism of inhalation

Answer 26

increased thoracic cavity volume/lung volume -> decreases pressure -> draws air in

Question 27

mechanism of exhalation

Answer 27

decreased thoracic cavity volume/lung volume -> increases pressure -> air flows out

Question 28

normal respiration (muscles involved)

Answer 28

inhale - diaphragm and external intercostals
exhale - passive/relax muscles

Question 29

forced expiration (muscles)

Answer 29

internal and innermost intercostals, abdominal muscles, subcostals, transversus thoracis, serratus posterior inferior

Question 30

forced inspiration (muscles)

Answer 30

sternocleidomastoid, scalenes, serratus posterior, pec major/minor