Abdomen - Exam 2 Flashcards
layers of abdominal wall
skin
camper’s fascia
scarpa’s fascia
external oblique (and aponeurosis)
internal oblique (and aponeurosis)
transversus abdominus (and aponeurosis)
transversalis fascia
parietal peritoneum
peritoneum
serous lining of abdominal cavity
parietal peritoneum
lines outer abdominal cavity
visceral peritoneum
invagination of parietal peritoneum that overlays organs
mesentery
double layer of peritoneum between organs
greater omentum
thick layer of mesentery with immune function, overlays abdominal organs
emerges from greater curvature of stomach and connects to transverse colon
lesser omentum
layer of mesentery that forms anterior border of lesser sac
contains heptoduodenal ligament and hepatogastral ligament
heptoduodenal ligament
between liver and duodenum, contains portal triad
epiploic foramen goes between portal triad
hepatogastral ligament
between liver and lesser curvature of stomach
mesentery proper
mesentery surrounding and securing small intestine to rear abdominal wall
transverse mesocolon
mesentery surrounding transverse colon and attaching to posterior abdominal wall
stomach (structures to identify)
fundus, greater/lesser curvatures, esophageal and pyloric sphincters, rugae
duodenum
initial portion of small intestine where most digestion takes place
superior/descending/horizontal/ascending portions
minor duodenal papilla
entrance for accessory pancreatic duct (not always present)
major duodenal papilla
entrance for common bile duct and main pancreatic duct
circular folds (villi/microvilli)
increase surface area for digestion and absorption
jejunum and ileum
remainder of small intestine (jejunum = ULQ, ileum = LRQ)
ileum connects with large intestine
large intestine
cecum
ileocecal sphincter
appendix
ascending/transverse/descending/sigmoid colon
rectum
haustra
tenia coli
epiploic appendages
diverticulum
pouches extending from large intestine walls
may become inflamed -> diverticulitis
liver
R/L/caudate lobe
round ligament
falciform ligament
bare area
gall bladder
portal triad
hepatic veins
portal triad
hepatic portal vein, hepatic artery proper, common bile duct
gall bladder
cystic duct, entrance and exit wth spiral valve
liver (ducts)
right and left hepatic ducts (become common hepatic duct)
what merges to become common bile duct?
cystic duct and common hepatic duct
spleen
ULQ, immune function, prone to damage from impact or laceration
damage causes significant hemorrhage
splenomegaly
enlarged spleen due to inflammation, increases risk of hemorrhage
pancreas
exocrine function, releases digestive enzymes and bicarbonate through main and accessory pancreatic ducts
has head/neck/body/tail
