Thorax, Mediastinum, Heart

Question 1

Articulation of the head of the rib

Answer 1

Sup art facet: above thoracic vert

Inf art facet: same thoracic vert

Question 2

what are typical ribs

Answer 2

ribs 3 to 9

Question 3

Surface landmark of the lung and parietal pleura

Answer 3

Midclavicular/ midaxillary/ midscapular
Lung: 6-8-10
Parietal pleura: 8-10-12

Question 4

motion of the transverse diameter of the thorax during inspiration

Answer 4

Bucket handle inspiratory movement

Question 5

motion of the AP diameter of the thorax during inspiration

Answer 5

pump handle inspiratory movement
sternum UP: insp: inc AP diameter
sternum DOWN: exp: dec AP diameter

Question 6

3 thoracic muscles that DEPRESS the ribs

Answer 6

serratis post inf
int intercostal
transversus thoracis

Question 7

Origin of the posterior intercostal arteries

Answer 7

first 2: sup intercostal of the costocervical trunk

remaining branches: descending aorta

Question 8

Origin of the anterior intercostal arteries

Answer 8

upper 6: int thoracic artery

remaining: musculophrenic

Question 9

Mnemonics

superior mediastinum contents

Answer 9

BATS and TENTS

Brachiocephalic art
Arch of aorta
Thymus
SVC

Trachea
Esophagus
Nerves (vagus and phrenic)
Thoracic duct

Question 10

Mnemonics

posterior mediastinum contents

Answer 10

DATES HAV

Descending aorta 
Azygos vein 
Thoracic duct 
Esophagus 
Sympathetic trunk/ ganglia 
Hemiazygos Vein 
Accessory hemiazygos vein 
Vagus nerve

Question 11

improper dev of 3rd and 4th PP; absent thyroid and parathyroid glands

Answer 11

DiGeorge Syndrome

Question 12

Embryonic origin of EAM

Answer 12

1st pharyngeal groove (ectoderm)

Question 13

Embryonic origin of middle ear cavity

Answer 13

1st pharyngeal pouch

Question 14

Embryonic origin of palatine tonsil

Answer 14

2nd pharyngeal pouch

Question 15

Embryonic origin of thymus and inferior parathyroid gland

Answer 15

3rd pharyngeal pouch

Question 16

Embryonic origin of C cells of thyroid gland, and sup parathyroid gland

Answer 16

4th pharyngeal pouch

Question 17

sternocostal surface of the heart is formed by what chamber

Answer 17

right ventricle

Question 18

Mnemonics: Tributaries of coronary sinus

Answer 18

GSM
great cardiac veins
small cardiac veins
middle cardiac veins

Question 19

vein accompanied by post interventricular artery

Answer 19

middle cardiac vein

Question 20

Arterial supply of L atrium and ventricle

Answer 20

circumflex branch of the LCA

Question 21

Arterial supply of interventricular septum and apex

Answer 21

ant interventricular branch of left coronary

Question 22

Arterial supply of RV

Answer 22

ant interventricular art

marginal branch of RCA

Question 23

Arterial supply of R atrium

Answer 23

Right CA

Question 24

I, avL, V1-V6

infarct location and lesion?

Answer 24

large ant wall

proximal LAD

Question 25

V2-V4 | infarct location and lesion?

Answer 25

anteroapical | distal LAD

Question 26

II, III, avF | infarct location and lesion?

Answer 26

inferior wall | distal LAD

Question 27

V1-V3 | infarct location and lesion?

Answer 27

anteroseptal | distal LAD

Question 28

V4-V6 | infarct location and lesion?

Answer 28

posterolateral | circumplex

Question 29

fossa ovalis (remnant of foramen ovale) seen in what chamber of the heart

Answer 29

Right atrium

Question 30

moderator band present in

Answer 30

right ventricle

Question 31

primitive atrium becomes

Answer 31

L atrium

Question 32

sinus venosus becomes

Answer 32

R atrium

Question 33

primitive ventricle becomes

Answer 33

all L ventricle

Question 34

bulbus cordis becomes

Answer 34

all of R ventricle

Question 35

Truncus arteriosus becomes

Answer 35

partitioned to form the root of aorta and pulmonary trunk

Question 36

hypertrophy of the RA, RV and pulmonary trunk

Answer 36

ASD

Question 37

L to R shunting of blood; inc BF to the lungs causing pulmo HTN

Answer 37

VSD

Question 38

failure of truncal ridges and aortopulmonary septum to divide normally

Answer 38

Truncus arteriosus

Question 39

MCC of cyanotic heart dse

Answer 39

TGA

Question 40

MC type CHD

Answer 40

VSD

Question 41

Pathway for oxygenated blood in fetal circ

Answer 41

umb vein ➝ ductus venosus ➝ IVC ➝ RA ➝ FO ➝ LA ➝ LV ➝ aorta

Question 42

Pathway for unoxygenated blood in fetal circ

Answer 42

SVC ➝ RA ➝ RV ➝ pulmo trunk ➝ ductus arteriosus ➝ aorta

Question 43

Ductus arteriosus becomes

Answer 43

Ligamentum arteriosum

Question 44

Foramen ovale becomes

Answer 44

fossa ovalis

Question 45

Ductus venous becomes

Answer 45

ligamentum venosum

Question 46

Umbilical vein becomes

Answer 46

Ligamentum teres

Question 47

Umbilical arteries become

Answer 47

Medial umbilical ligaments

Question 48

remnant of urachus

Answer 48

median umbilical ligament

Question 49

MC congenital anomaly assoc with maternal rubella infection during early pregnancy

Answer 49

maternal rubella

Question 50

first pair of AA becomes

Answer 50

maxillary arteries

Question 51

second pair of AA becomes

Answer 51

stapedial arteries

Question 52

third pair of AA becomes

Answer 52

proximal: CCA distal: ICA

Question 53

4th pair of AA becomes

Answer 53

left: arch of aorta right: R subclavian artery

Question 54

5th pair of AA becomes

Answer 54

none

Question 55

6th pair of AA becomes

Answer 55

left: - proximal-left pulmonary art - distal- ductus arteriosus right: - proximal: right pulmonary art - distal: degenerates