Skeletal System, Upper extremities Flashcards by Baby Lyn Ann Tanalgo

classification of clavicle as to location

appendicular

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immovable joints aka

synarthroses

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fibrous joints aka

synarthroses

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cartilaginous joints aka

amphiarthroses

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primary amphiarthroses aka

synchondrosis (hyaline)

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secondary amphiarthroses aka

symphysis

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diarthroses aka

synovial

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Type of joint

sternoclavicular, acromioclavicular

Synovial joint- plane

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Type of joint

elbow, knee, ankle

Synovial joint- hinge/ ginglymus

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Type of joint

atlantoaxial; radioulnar

Synovial joint- pivot/ trochoid

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Type of joint

metacarpophalangeal/ knuckles

Synovial joint- Condyloid

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Type of joint

shoulder; hip

Synovial joint- ball and socket/ enarthrosis

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axillary fascia is an elongation of

prevertebral fascia

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where is the needle inserted in brachial nerve plexus block

proximal part of axillary sheath

position verified by feeling pulsations of third part of axillary artery

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Mnemonics: Rotator cuff muscles

SITS

supraspinatus
infraspinatus
teres minor
subscapularis

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intrinsic shoulder muscle that are lateral rotators

infraspinatus and teres minor

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most commonly affected in inflammation of rotator cuff

tendon of supraspinatus

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joint involved in shoulder dislocation

glenohumeral joint

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joint involved in shoulder separation

acromioclavicular joint

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boundaries and contents of quadrangular space

above-teres minor
below-teres major
medial: long head triceps brachii
lateral: surg neck of humerus

axillary/circumflex nerve
post circumflex vessels

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main flexor of forearm

brachialis

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main supinator of forearm

biceps brachii

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posterior compartment of arm innervated by

radial nerve

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main extensor of forearm

triceps brachii

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flexor muscles of the forearm innervated by

median nerve EXCEPT FCU and FDP- ulnar nerve

Common flexor tendon

medial epicondyle of humerus

common extensor tendon

lateral epicondyle of humerus

medial epicondylitis aka

golfer's elbow

lateral epicondylitis aka

tennis elbow

Contents of cubital fossa | medial to lateral

MBBR Median nerve brachial art biceps tendon radial nerve

Mnemonics: Thenar muscles | innervated by?

AFO abd pollicis brevis flexor pollicis brevis opponens pollicis median nerve

interossei muscles innervated by

ulnar nerve

mnemonics | action of interossei muscles

PAB DAB palmar interossei- ADduct fingers dorsal interossei-ABduct fingers

medial lumbricales innerv by

ulnar nerve

lateral lumbricales innerv by

median nerve

action of lumbricales

flex mcp joints

ext digitorum innerv by

radial nerve

flexor digitorum superficialis- action and innerv

flexes proximal IP joints- median nerve

flexor digitorum profundus- action and innerv

flexes distal IP joints- ulnar nerve

Mnemonics: hypothenar muscles | innerv by?

AFO abductor, flexor, opponens - digiti minimi ulnar nerver

brachial plexus subdivided into

5 roots- 3 trunks- 6 divisions- 3 cords

roots of brachial plexus gives rise to

dorsal scapular nerve (C5)- rhomboids | long thoracic nerve (C5-C7) - serratus anterior

upper trunk of brachial plexus gives rise to

(C5-C6) nerve to subclavius suprascapular - supra/infraspinatus

musculocutaneous nerve innervates

coracobrachialis, biceps brachii. brachialis

medial pectoral nerve innerv

pect minor

upper subscapular nerve innerv

subscapularis

thoracodorsal nerve innerv

latissimus dorsi

lower subcapular nerve innerv

teres major

axillary nerve innerv

deltoid and teres minor

lesion in C5 and C6, proximal musculature in upper limb is affected, waiter's tip, altered sensation in LATERAL arm, forearm, thumb and index finger UPPER brachial plexus injury

Erb-duchenne palsy

compression of C8 and T1 ventral rami, affects DISTAL muscles in upper limb, altered sensation in MEDIAL hand, APE hand, CLAW hand LOWER brachial plexus injury

Klumpke paralysis

may be injured as a result of dislocation of the head of the humerus or bu a fracture of the surgical neck of humerus

axillary nerve

may be injured as a result of spiral fracture of the midshaft of humerus; wrist drop; pain and paresthesia in skin overlying the first dorsal interosseous muscle between thumb and index finger

Radial nerve

injures as a result of proximal lesion in the supracondylar fracture of the humerus; HAND OF BENEDICTION

Median nerve (proximal)

may result from lunate disclocation; ape hand

Carpal tunnel syndrome

carpal tunnel syndrome results from entrapment of what nerve?

median nerve (distal)

tendons passing thru carpal tunnel

4 FDS tendon 4 FDP tendon FPL

anatomic relations of median nerve within carpal tunnel

MEDIAL to FDS | LATERAL to FCR

distribution of median nerve

lateral 3 1/2 fingers; weakness thenar muscles

medial epicondyle fracture leads to what nerve injury

ulnar nerve (proximal)

fracture of hook of hamate leads to what nerve injury

ulnar nerve (distal)

action of pectoralis minor muscle

depresses point of shoulder

action of pectoralis major

adducts the arm

action of subclavius

depresses clavivle

action of serratus ant

draws scapula forward

first part of axillary artery

sup thoracic artery supplies muscles of first 2 intercostal spaces

branches of 2nd part of axillary artery

thoracoacromial | lateral thoracic

3rd part of axillary artery and supplies

subscapular artery- largest branch | subscapularis, teres major, latissimus dorsi

branches of subscapular artery

thoracodorsal artery-supplies ant serratus muscle circumflex scapular art ant/pos circumflex humeral

axillary vein is formed by

basilic vein + brachial vein

cephalic vein drains to

axillary vein

axillary vein drains to

subclavian ➝ brachiocephalic

first bone to begin ossification during fetal development and last one to complete at about age 21

clavicle

displacement of the distal segment of the lower end of radius POSTERIORLY and SUPERIORLY; distal radial fracture DORSAL

Colle/ Dinner/ Silver fork deformity

MOI of Colle/ Dinner/ Silver fork deformity

fall on outstretched hand

displacement of the distal segment of the lower end of radius ANTERIORLY; distal radial fracture VENTRAL

Smith fracture

MOI of Smith fracture

fall on the back of hand

MOI of Smith fracture

fall on the back of hand

localized thickening and contracture of the palmar aponeurosis; flexion of PROXIMAL interphalangeal joints

Dupuytren contracture

fracture of the base of the first metacarpal bone

Bennett fracture

oblique fracture of the necks of the 4th or 5th metacarpals; distal segment displaced proximally- shortening of the fiber posteriorly

Boxer's fracture

sensory distribution of ulnar nerve

ant and post surface of medial 1 1/2 fingers

dermatome of back of head

dermatome of tip of shoulder

dermatome thumb

dermatome middle finger

dermatome small finger

dermatome nipple

T4-T5

dermatome umbilicus

T10

dermatome inguinal

dermatome knee, medial leg

dermatome lateral leg, big toe

dermatome small toe

dermatome perineum