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02_Anatomy > Neck > Flashcards

Neck Flashcards

1
Q

Thyroid gland is invested in what structure?

A

Pretracheal fascia

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2
Q

Forms a FALSE capsule of the thyroid gland

A

Pretracheal layer

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3
Q

Forms the fascial floor of the POSTERIOR triangle

A

Prevertebral layer

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4
Q

Layers of the neck from OUTER to INNER

A
  1. Superficial cervical fascia
  2. Platysma
  3. Deep cervical fascia
    - investing layer
    - pretracheal layer
    - carotid sheath
    - prevertebral layer
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5
Q

What cranial nerve descends through the neck in the carotid sheath?

A

Vagus

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6
Q

Lateral, medial and posterior components of the carotid sheath

A

Lateral: IJV
Medial: CCA, ICA
Posterior: Vagus

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7
Q

Dental abscess can spread to the mediastinum via

A

Retropharyngeal space

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8
Q

Ludwig’s angina primarily involves which fascial planes?

A

Submandibular space

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9
Q

Torticollis involving right SCM will manifest as

A

head rotated to the left

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10
Q

hyoid bone at the level of?

A

C3

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11
Q

triangle bounded by post belly of digastric, sup belly of omohyoid, ant border of SCM

A

Carotid

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12
Q

All infrahyoid muscles depress the hyoid bone EXCEPT

A

sternothyroid, depresses the larynx

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13
Q

Boundaries of ant triangle

A

ant border of SCM
ant midline of neck
inf border of mandible

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14
Q

ant triangle subdivided into

A

submental
digastric
carotid
muscular

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15
Q

posterior triangle bounded by

A

post border of SCM

ant border of trapezius

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16
Q

Muscle that separates the submandibular and sublingual space

A

Mylohyoid

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17
Q

Contents of the upper portion of the carotid sheath are crossed obliquely and anteriorly by the

A

Post belly of digastric

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18
Q

Carotid pulse can be palpated at the level of

A

sup border of thyroid cartilage

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19
Q

triangle bounded by sup belly of omohyoid, ant midline of neck, ant border of SCM

A

muscular

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20
Q

Nerve that crosses occipital triangle

A

accessory nerve

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21
Q

Supraclavicular triangle aka

A

Subclavian, omoclavicular

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22
Q

Wt of thyroid gland

A

20 gms

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23
Q

pyramidal lobe projects upward from the isthmus, usually to the (left/right?) of the midline

A

LEFT

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24
Q

fibrous/muscular band frequently connects the pyramidal lobe to the hyoid bone

A

Levator Glandulae Thyroidea

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25
Q

vertebral levels of hyoid bone, thryroid cartilage, cricoid cartilage

A

C3, C4-C5, C6

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26
Q

connects the thyroid gland to the tongue

A

thyroglossal duct cyst

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27
Q

remnant of thyroid gland

A

foramen cecum

28
Q

Most common ectopic thyroid

A

lingual

29
Q

Thyroglossal duct cyst vs branchial cleft cyst

A

TDC: midline, near hyoid bone, moves up with swallowing or tongue protrusion

BCC: lateral to midline, anterior to SCM, does not move with swallowing or tongue protrusion

30
Q

Deep cervical LN empty into the

A

thoracic duct on the left side

right lymphatic duct on the right side

31
Q

cancer cells in thyroid malignancy will metastasize first to what group of cervical LN?

A

cervical LN V

32
Q

Groups of cervical LN

A 
I- Submental and submandibular LN 
II-Upper jugular 
III-middle jugular 
IV-lower jugular 
V-posterior triangle 
VI-ant compartment 
VII-paratracheal
33
Q

Afferent/efferent innervation of pharyngeal mucosa. gag reflex

A

Afferent: glossopharyngeal
Efferent: Vagus

34
Q

Nerve supply of:

nasal pharynx/ oral pharynx/ laryngeal pharynx

A

maxillary nerve/ GP nerve/ int laryngeal nerve of VN

35
Q

Afferent/efferent innervation of pharyngeal mucosa. pupillary light reflex

A

CN 2/ CN 3

36
Q

Afferent/efferent innervation of pharyngeal mucosa. corneal light reflex

A

CN 5/ CN 7

37
Q

Nerve damage in the lateral wall of the tonsillar fossa will manifest as

A

Loss of gag reflex on the SAME side of the lesion

38
Q

Lateral, Upper, and Lower components of Waldeyer ring of Lymphoid Tissue

A

Lateral: palatine and tubal
Upper: pharyngeal
Lower: lingual

39
Q

Larynx lie at the level of

A

C4-C6

40
Q

thyroid membrane immediately inferior to the thyroid cartilage, superior to cricoid; TRUE vocal cords lie superior to it

A

Cricothyroid membrane

41
Q

Sequence of structures traversed during cricothyroidectomy

A

skin, superficial fascia, investing layer of deep cervical fascia, pretracheal fascia, larynx

42
Q

Narrowest part pf laryngeal cavity

A

Rima glottidis

43
Q

Nerves that go along with:
Superior thyroid artery
Inferior thyroid artery

A

Superior thyroid artery: ext laryngeal nerve

Inferior thyroid artery: inferior/ recurrent laryngeal nerve

44
Q

Sensory innerv above & below vocal cord area

A

Above: Internal branch of superior laryngeal nerve
Below: inf/recurrent LN

45
Q

nerve innervation of muscles of phonation except cricothyroid

A

inf/recurrent LN

46
Q

nerve supply of cricothyroid

A

external branch of sup LN

47
Q

abducts vocal cords during quiet breathing

A

post cricoarytenoid

48
Q

Mnemonics: actions of cricoarytenod muscles

A

PAB LAD

49
Q

right RLN crosses what vessel

A

R subclavian artery

50
Q

left RLN crosses what vessel

A

aortic arch

51
Q

injury to EBSLN

A

cannot produce high-pitched sounds

52
Q

injury to the RLN

A

hoarseness/ brethiness

53
Q

Blood supply of the trachea

A

upper 2/3: inf thyroid artery

lower third: bronchial arteries

54
Q

MC type of EA

A

EA with distal TEF

55
Q

when to consider EA in fetus

A

polyhydramnios, absent stomach gas in UTZ

56
Q

Cells of the parathyroid gland

A

CO
Chief cell -PTH
Oxyphil cell -supportive

57
Q

Cells of the thyroid gland

A

PF
Parafollicular-calcitonin
follicular- T3, T4

58
Q

Embryonic dev of parathyroid gland

A

inf: 3rd PP
sup: 4th PP

59
Q

ectopic parathyroid freq seen in

A

sup mediastinum

60
Q

cervical plexus is formed by

A

anterior rami of first four cervical nerves

61
Q

cutaneous branches of the cervical plexus (4)

A 
lesser occipital (C2) 
greater auricular (C2 and C3) 
transverse cutaneous (C2 and C3)
supraclavicular (C3 and C4)
62
Q

3 muscles supplied by ansa cervicalis

A

omohyoid, sternohyoid, sternothyroid

63
Q

how is ansa cervicalis formed

A

hypoglossal + C1-C3

64
Q

Post, Lat, and Ant relations of phrenic nerve

A

post: subclavian vein
ant: subclavian art
lat: common carotid artery

65
Q

arrangement of the phrenic nerve and surrounding structure from ant to post

A

VNA

sternohyoid - sternothyroid - subclavian vein - thoracic duct - phrenic nerve - scalenus ant - subclavian art

66
Q

injuries to what zones of the neck obstruct the airway and have the greatest risk for morbidity and mortality

A

I and III

02_Anatomy (10 decks)

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