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Small Animal Anatomy > Thorax-Lecture > Flashcards

Thorax-Lecture Flashcards

1
Q

What are the 3 serous membranes of the body?

A

Pleura- lines the thoracic cavity (surrounds lungs)
Pericardium- lines the pericardial cavity (surrounds heart)
Peritoneum- lines abdominal cavity (surrounds abdominal viscera)

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2
Q

the pleura on the surface of the lungs

A

pulmonary pleura (visceral pleura)

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3
Q

Your lungs are located in the :
a. thoracic cavity
b. mediastinum
c. pleural cavity
d. all of the above

A

a. thoracic cavity

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4
Q

Are the lungs in the pleural cavity?

A

No, the only thing in there is serous fluid and it surrounds the lungs

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5
Q

What are the 3 types of parietal pleura?

A

costal parietal pleura, medistinal parietal pleura, and diaphragmatic parietal pleura

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6
Q

What does the mediastinum contain?

A

it includes the two mediastinal pleura and the space between them which includes the thymus, heart, trachea, esophagus, vagus nerves etc

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7
Q

What is the plica vena cava? What does plica mean?

A

an extension of pleura from the mediastinum, out and around the vena cava. ‘plika’ is Latin for ‘plait’ or ‘fold’

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8
Q

a thin, connective tissue layer lining the thoracic cavity

A

endothoracic fascia

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9
Q

What are some cases when the pleural cavities’ potential spaces become filled and turn into real spaces? (how dr. holiday phrased it not me)

A

Pneumothorax: air -> collapsing lung
hydrothorax: serous fluid (can be from heartworms)
chylothorax: lymph fluid (from thoracic duct)
pyothorax: inflammatory fluid
hemothorax: blood

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10
Q

In what space would you perform a thoracocentesis in a dog and cat?

A

The costodiaphragmatic recess is the space formed within each pleural cavity, between the diaphragm and the thoracic wall.
Dog: 7-8th intercostal space
Cat: 8th intercostal space

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11
Q

what is the fluid within the thoracic duct called?

A

chyle

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12
Q

What are the ‘passageways’ through the diaphragm?

A

aortic hiatus, esophageal hiatus, caval foramen, lumbocostal arch

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13
Q

Where is the aortic hiatus and what does it contain?

A

The aortic hiatus is located dorsally, between the crura of the diaphragm. Contains the aorta, azygous, and thoracic duct

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14
Q

Where is the esophageal hiatus and what does it contain?

A

The esophageal hiatus is located in the right crus and contains the esophagus and the vagal nerve trunk

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15
Q

Where is the caval foramen and what does it contain?

A

The caval foramen is located in the central tendon and contains the caudal vena cava

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16
Q

What is the carina?

A

Carina is the division in the trachea resulting in the left and right bronchus. Carina means keel (like a canoe).

17
Q

Name the lobes of the right and left lung

A

Left: cranial and caudal lobes
Right: cranial, middle, caudal, accesory lobes

18
Q

Where is the cardiac notch?

A

The right 4th-5th intercostal space. The cardiac notch is where the heart is not covered by the lung. The location that is typically utilized for IC euthanizations.

19
Q

how does cat lung lobation compare to the dog?

A

it’s the same!

20
Q

What are the landmarks of the auscultation triangle?

A
  1. caudal angle of scapula to olecranon of ulna (triceps)
  2. olecranon of the ulna to dorsal next-to-last intercostal space (also called ‘basal border’ of the lung
  3. caudal angle of scapula to tuber coxae of the pelvis (dorsal tip of pelvic bone)
21
Q

What is the primary muscle of inspiration?

A

the diaphragm

22
Q

muscles of inspiration

A

diaphragm, scalenus, serratus dorsalis cranialis, intercostals

23
Q

muscles of expiration

A

serratus dorsalis caudalis, abdominal muscles

24
Q

What portion of the heart are you most likely to find heartworms?

A

right ventricle

25
Q

What is one way to orient which side you are on the heart?

A

find the auricles! you can see both auricle surfaces from the left side. Left ventricle has a caudal tip of the heart. The heart is a cuadalventral orientation.

26
Q

blood flow through the heart

A

right atrium -> right ventricle-> pulmonary arteries-> lungs-> pulmonary veins-> left atrium-> left ventricle-> aorta-> body.

27
Q

what does azygous mean?

A

azygous means unpaired

28
Q

What are the boundaries of the thoracic inlet?

A

first thoracic vertebrae, first rib, and manubrium

29
Q

The thoracic duct is unilateral, true or false?

A

true

30
Q

What does the ventral root contain?

A

Contains exclusively efferent fibers from both autonomic and somatic nervous systems

31
Q

What type of nerve is the phrenic nerve?

A

a bilateral somatic nerve, meaning it is comprised of only motor and sensory fibers and is under voluntary control

32
Q

-What type of muscle is the diaphragm?

A

skeletal muscle

Small Animal Anatomy (5 decks)

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