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Small Animal Anatomy > Reproduction/Fetal > Flashcards

Reproduction/Fetal Flashcards

1
Q

What type of innervation is an erection?

A

(Point) Parasympathetic vasodilator activity allows for filing of erectile tissue

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2
Q

What type of innervation is reproductive emission?

A

(Load) Sympathetic contraction of smooth muscle in the ductus deferens and prostate gland moves spermatozoa and accessory gland fluids into pelvic urethra

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3
Q

What type of innervation is ejaculation?

A

(shoot) somatic innervation
causes rhythmic contractions of muscles, moving the semen through the urethra into the vagina

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4
Q

What muscles are contracted during ejaculation?

A

bulbospongiosus, ischiocavernosus, and urethralis skeletal muscles,

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5
Q

Main nerve supplying male reproductive organs with parasympathetic innervation

A

pelvic nerve

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6
Q

Main nerve supplying male reproductive organs with sympathetic innervation

A

hypogastric nerve

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7
Q

Main nerve supplying male reproductive organs with somatic innervation

A

pudendal nerve

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8
Q

Key components of both male and female anatomy that cause the coital tie

A

male- the glands penis (pars longus glandis and *pars bulbus glandis)
Female- vestibule and *vestibular bulbs

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9
Q

How long is canine gestation?

A

range of 59-63 days
63 days is commonly accepted

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10
Q

On what day of gestation are all major organs formed in the fetus?

A

35

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11
Q

What span of time does most of the growth occur in gestation?

A

35-60 days

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12
Q

When is pregnancy able to be confirmed by radiograph?

A

possible around day 42
Day 45 onward is commonly accepted

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13
Q

What type of species has bone development that is incomplete at birth?

A

altricial species (carnivores)

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14
Q

Species whose young are immediately and quickly mobile

A

precocial species (cattle/horses)

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15
Q

What is the problem with fetal circulation?

A

not all fetal organs are able to handle the volume of blood that will come their way after birth, these organs must be trained

Solution: use shunts to decrease the volume

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16
Q

what are the 3 shunts in fetal circulation?

A

ductus venosus (the duct of the veins)
foramen ovale
ductus arteriosus ( the duct of the arteries)

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17
Q

Where is the ductus venous? What kind of shunt is the persistent ductus venosus?

A

the liver; a portosystemic shunt

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18
Q

Where does the foramen ovale shunt blood to?

A

the left atrium

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19
Q

What is it called when the foramen ovale doesn’t close right after birth?

A

a patent foramen ovale
can be normal in newborns

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20
Q

where is the ductus arteriosus?

A

between the pulmonary trunk and aorta just distal to where the left subclavian branches

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21
Q

What does a patent ductus arteriosus (PDA) cause?

A

creates backflow of oxygenated blood into the pulmonary trunk - increases the amount of blood going to the lungs and overworks them

22
Q

what nerve wraps around the ligamentum arteriosum?

A

left recurrent laryngeal

23
Q

What is the fate of the ductus venosus?

A

ligamentum venosum

24
Q

What is the fate of the ductus artreriosus?

A

ligamentum arteriosum

25
Q

What is the fate of the foramen ovale?

A

the fossa ovale

26
Q

What is the fate of the umbilical vein?

A

round ligament of the liver (found within falciform ligament ( ventral mesentery))

27
Q

What is the fate of the umbilical arteries?

A

arise from internal iliac arteries, may or may not remain patent
if remain patent, become cranial vesicle arteries of the urinary bladder

if not patent, become round ligaments of the urinary bladder

28
Q

what are the 3 germ layers that form the embryo and contribute to the formation of fetal membranes?

A

ectoderm, endoderm, and mesoderm

29
Q

what makes up the chorion?

A

trophoblast and mesoderm

30
Q

what makes up the allantochorion (chorioallantoic placenta)?

A

allantois and chorion

31
Q

What makes up the choriovitelline placenta?

A

yolk sac and chorion

32
Q

what are the 3 fluid-filled cavities of the embryo?

A

amniotic cavity
allantoic cavity
yolk sac cavity

33
Q

what are the two main types of placenta?

A

choriovitelline placenta
chorioallantoic placenta(most important)
(both types exist simultaneously in early gestation)

34
Q

what is the zonary placenta?

A

the grossly visible lamellae of the carnivore placenta that are arranged in a girdle or band around the equator of the chorionic sac

35
Q

What are regions of the broad ligaments (2) of the female reproductive system?

A

mesosalpinx
mesovarium
mesometrium

36
Q

what does the gubernaculum mean?

A

the guide

37
Q

what does the mesosalpinx support?

A

the uterine tube (fat deposit site; therefore difficult to determine boundaries in canines)

38
Q

what makes up the wall of the ovarian bursa

A

mesovarium and mesosalpinx

39
Q

what is the ovarian bursa?

A

the space between the ovary and wall

40
Q

what is the ovarian pedicle?

A

Surgeons refer to the mesovarium by this name

41
Q

what does the mesovarium extend between?

A

extends between the ovary and dorsolateral abdominal wall
(must be ruptured to exteriorize the ovarian pedicle during spays)

42
Q

what ligaments does the mesovarium contain?

A

suspensory ligament of the ovary
proper ligament of the ovary

43
Q

What does the mesometrium include

A

uterine body
uterine cervix
cranial vagina

44
Q

What do the mesonephric tubules become in the male?

A

rete testis and efferent ductules

45
Q

What does the mesonephric duct become in the male?

A

epididymal duct and ductus deferens

46
Q

What does the paramesonephric duct become in femelaes?

A

female tract

47
Q

What would some cystic remnants in the female reproductive tract be from?

A

near ovary: epoöphoron and paroöphoron
along uterine body: Gartner’s duct

48
Q

What are the 2 main male developmental remnants?

A

uterus masculinis- remnants of paramesonephric ducts
(both common in GSD)
paraprostatic cysts

49
Q

what structure in the vagina may interfere with the deposit of semen into the vaginal fornix?

A

the dorsal median fold

50
Q

what are commissures?

A

v shape folds

51
Q

What may develop in female reproductive systems with some endocrine disorders?

A

os clitoridis

Small Animal Anatomy (5 decks)

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