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Gross Anatomy I > Thorax and Thoracic Viscera > Flashcards

Thorax and Thoracic Viscera Flashcards

1
Q

What are the cavities within the thoracic cavity?

A

Left pleural, right pleural, and pericardial

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2
Q

What are the boundaries of the thoracic cavity?

A

Dorsal - thoracic vertebrae
Lateral - ribs and costal cartilages
Ventral - sternebrae and costal cartilages

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3
Q

Where does the diaphragm attach to the ribs?

A

At right and left costal parts

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4
Q

Where does the diaphragm attach to the sternum?

A

At the sternal part

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5
Q

What attaches the diaphragm to the lumbar vertebral bodies?

A

Right and left crural tendons, dorsally located

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6
Q

What is the central tendon?

A

All muscular components attach to this centrally located, trefoil-shaped tendon

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7
Q

What is the diaphragmatic line of pleural reflection?

A

The junction between the costal pleura and the diaphragmatic pleura

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8
Q

What is included in the plica venae cavae?

A

This fold of the right mediastinal pleura envelops the caudal vena cava and right phrenic nerve

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9
Q

What is the lumbocostal arch?

A

Area between the crura and the vertebrae; major splanchnic nerve passes through here, though it’s not a true opening; POTENTIAL AREA OF HERNIATION

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10
Q

What passes through the aortic hiatus?

A

The aorta, azygous vein, and thoracic duct

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11
Q

What passes through the esophageal hiatus?

A

The esophagus and dorsal and ventral vagal trunks

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12
Q

What passes through the caval foramen?

A

The caudal vena cava

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13
Q

What is the costodiaphragmatic recess?

A

The junction where the costal pleura reflects onto the surface of the diaphragm; a “pocket” is generated here

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14
Q

What is the lumbodiaphragmatic recess?

A

The region where the pleura extends ventrally form the caudal and dorsal thoracic wall (at the lumbar region) to the crura of the diaphragm; spans the lumbocostal arch; POTENTIAL AREA OF HERNIATION

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15
Q

What does the internal thoracic a. continue as?

A

The musculophrenic a.

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16
Q

What type of innervation is found in the phrenic nerves?

A

Somatic –> skeletal muscle

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17
Q

Where are parietal serous membranes found?

A

Lining the walls of a cavity

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18
Q

Where are visceral serous membranes found?

A

Covering organ surfaces

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19
Q

What is parietal pleura?

A

Where the two pleural sacs are adherent to the walls of the thoracic cavity and to the mediastinum

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20
Q

What is the endothoracic fascia?

A

The underlying connective tissue “glue” that attaches the parietal pleura to the thoracic walls

21
Q

What are the pleural cavities?

A

The spaces within the pleural sacs; these are separate from each other and from the thoracic cavity

22
Q

What is the mediastinum?

A

The space between the two pleural sacs where they meet medially within the thoracic cavity; continuous with the cervical visceral space

23
Q

What is the costal (parietal) pleura?

A

Where the pleura is in contact with the ribs and costal cartilages

24
Q

What is the sternal (parietal) pleura?

A

Where the pleura is in contact with the sternum

25
Q

What is diaphragmatic (parietal) pleura?

A

Where the pleura is in contact with the diaphragm

26
Q

What is the mediastinal (parietal) pleura?

A

Located where the left and right pleural sacs meet centrally within the thorax

27
Q

What is the pericardial mediastinal pleura?

A

The mediastinal pleura that is in direct contact with the pericardium

28
Q

What is the pleural cupula?

A

Located at/near the thoracic inlet where the pleura reflects from the costal wall to the cranial mediastinum; may extend into the cervical visceral space

29
Q

What are the species differences of the pleural cupula?

A

Dog: left extends further cranially than the right
Large animals: right extends further cranially and into CVS where it’s susceptible to puncture wounds at the base of the neck and subsequent collapse of the right lung

30
Q

What is the costomediastinal recess?

A

Located at the junction where the costal pleura reflects from the ventral thoracic wall and extends dorsally on either side of the mediastinum; bilateral

31
Q

What is the mediastinal recess?

A

A recess located between the right mediastinal pleural and the plica venae cavae; the accessory lobe of the right lung is located within this recess

32
Q

What is the visceral pleura?

A

The mesothelium that covers the lungs; is continuous with the parietal pleura

33
Q

What is the fibrous pericardium?

A

The continuation of the endothoracic fascia as it extends from the surface of the diaphragm; the middle layer of the pericardial sac

34
Q

What is the phrenicopericardial ligament?

A

The continuation of the fibrous pericardium to the diaphragm forms this in the dog/cat

35
Q

What is the sternopericardial ligament?

A

The continuation of the fibrous pericardium to the diaphragm forms this in the horse/ox

36
Q

What is the parietal pericardium?

A

Innermost layer of the pericardial sac; a serous membrane lining the walls of the pericardial cavity

37
Q

What is the pericardial mediastinal pleura?

A

The outermost layer of the pericardial sac; this region is in direct contact with the pericardium

38
Q

If you were to shoot an arrow through the heart, what is the order of the layers the arrow would pass through?

A

Pericardial mediastinal pleura –> endothoracic fascia/fibrous pericardium –> parietal pericardium –> visceral pericardium/epicardium

39
Q

What are the structures within the mediastinum?

A 
Trachea
Esophagus
Aorta
Lymphatic structures
Thymus
Right and left vagus nerves/dorsal and ventral vagal nerve trunks
Right and left recurrent laryngeal nerves
Right and left phrenic nerves
Pericardium and heart
40
Q

What is the trachealis muscle?

A

Completes the cartilaginous rings of the trachea dorsally

41
Q

What are the principal bronchi?

A

Originate where the trachea bifurcates

42
Q

What is the carina?

A

The partition between the left and right principal bronchi at their origin from the trachea

43
Q

What are the lobar bronchi?

A

Branch from the principal bronchi and supply the lobes of the lung; the lobation of each lung is determined by the lobar bronchi

44
Q

What are the segmental bronchi?

A

Branch from the lobar bronchi and supply bronchopulmonary segments, which are separated from the rest of the lung by a connective tissue septum

45
Q

What are the bronchioles?

A

Branches of the segmental bronchi which ultimately terminate as respiratory bronchioles; exchange portion of respiratory system begins here

46
Q

What is the functional blood supply to the lungs?

A

Pulmonary arteries and veins

47
Q

What is the nutritional blood supply to the lungs?

A

Bronchoesophageal artery and azygous vein

48
Q

Which species does not have external lobations in the lungs?

A

The horse; they are very evident in bovine and porcine

49
Q

What is the tracheal bronchus?

A

A bronchus that branches directly from the trachea cranial to the cranial bifurcation that supplies the cranial lobe of the right lung of ruminants

Gross Anatomy I (8 decks)

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