Muscles of the Pelvic Limb Flashcards
What are the heads of the gastrocnemius muscle?
The gastrocnemius muscle has two heads: Medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle Lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle
What is the action of the pectineus muscle?
The pectineus muscle adducts the pelvic limb.
What muscle does the cunean tendon belong to?
The cunean tendon is the medial tendon of the cranial tibial muscle.
What muscle is located on the ventral aspect of the pubis and ventral aspect of the ischium and lies on the ventral surface of the obturator foramen of the pelvis?
The external obturator muscle is located on the ventral aspect of the pubis and ventral aspect of the ischium and lies on the ventral surface of the obturator foramen of the pelvis.
What synovial structure is located between the skin and the tendon of the superficial digital flexor muscle?
The subcutaneous calcanean bursa is located between the skin and the tendon of the superficial digital flexor muscle.
Where does the vastus lateralis muscle of the quadriceps femoris muscle originate?
The vastus lateralis muscle of the quadriceps muscle originates at the proximal aspect of the femur.
Where is the insertion of the quadratus femoris muscle?
The quadratus femoris muscle inserts into the intertrochanteric crest of the femur.
What muscles comprise the hamstrings?
The hamstring muscles consist of the biceps femoris muscle, semitendinosus muscle, and semimembranosus muscle.
Where does the semitendinosus muscle insert?
The semitendinosus muscle inserts at the medial surface of the tibial body and the tuber calcanei via the common calcanean tendon.
What is the origin of the internal obturator muscle?
The internal obturator muscle originates from within the bony pelvic canal at the dorsal surface of the ischium and pubis, more specifically the dorsal pelvic symphysis.
What is the origin of the gastrocnemius muscle?
The gastrocnemius muscle originates from the medial and lateral supracondylar tuberosities of the femur.
What structure is continuous with the cranial part of the tensor fasciae latae muscle?
The cranial part of the tensor fasciae latae muscle is continuous with the superficial layer of the fascia lata.
In the horse, what is the medial tendon of the cranial tibial muscle?
In the horse, the medial tendon of the cranial tibial muscle is the cunean tendon.
What is the action of the long digital extensor muscle?
The long digital extensor muscle extends the digits and flexes the tarsus.
What head of the quadriceps femoris muscles is the only one to that spans both the hip joint and stifle joint?
The rectus femoris muscle is the only head of the quadriceps femoris muscle that spans both the hip joint and the stifle joint.
Where does the lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle insert?
The lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle inserts into the tuber calcanei.
What is the origin of the gemelli muscle?
The gemelli muscle originates from the lateral surface of the ischium and ventral to the lesser ischiatic notch of the pelvis.
Where does the long digital extensor muscle insert?
The long digital extensor muscle inserts into the extensor processes of the distal phalanges of digits II, III, IV, and V.
What is the insertion of the adductor muscle?
The adductor muscle inserts at the caudolateral aspect of the femur, more specifically the entire lateral lip of the caudal rough surface of the femur.
Where does the vastus medialis muscle of the quadriceps femoris muscle originate?
The vastus medialis muscle of the quadriceps femoris muscles originates from the proximal aspect of the femur.
What is the action of the external obturator muscle?
The external obturator muscle rotates the pelvic limb laterally.
What structure is continuous with the caudal part of the tensor fasciae latae muscle?
The caudal part of the fasciae latae muscle is continuous with the deep layer of the fascia lata.
What synovial structure is associated with the tendon of the internal obturator muscle as it passes over the lesser ischiatic notch of the pelvis?
The tendon of the internal obturator muscle has a subtendinous bursa located deep to the tendon as it passes over the lesser ischiatic notch of the pelvis.
What are the origins of the quadriceps femoris muscles?
The rectus femoris of the quadriceps femoris muscles originate at the ilium, where the vastus lateralis muscle, vastus intermedius muscle, and vastus medialis muscle originate at the proximal aspect of the femur.
What is the origin of the deep gluteal muscle?
The deep gluteal muscle originates from the body of the ilium, more specifically the ischiatic spine.
What is the action of the quadriceps femoris muscles?
All of the heads of the quadriceps femoris muscles (rectus femoris muscle, vastus lateralis muscle, vastus intermedius, and vastus medialis) extend the stifle joint. The rectus femoris muscle of the quadriceps femoris muscles is the only one that flexes the hip joint.
What muscle contains fabellae in their tendons of origin?
Both the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle and lateral head of the gastrocnemius muscle contain a sesamoid bone, known as fabella, in their tendons of origin.
Which muscle is the piriformis muscle considered to be part of?
The piriformis muscle is considered to be part of the middle gluteal muscle.
Where does the middle gluteal muscle originate from?
The middle gluteal muscle originates from the crest of the ilium and gluteal surface of the ilium.
What clinically relevant, palpable structure is located at the caudal border of the biceps femoris muscle?
The popliteal lymph node is a clinically relevant, palpable lymph node located on the caudal border of the biceps femoris.
What structure does the tendon of the lateral head of the deep digital flexor muscle pass through?
The lateral head of the deep digital flexor muscle, along with the medial and lateral plantar nerves, pass through the tarsal tunnel.
In the horse, the tendons of what muscles fuse together and fuse with the medial extensor branch of the interosseus muscle and the lateral extensor branch of the interosseus muscle?
The tendon of the long digital extensor muscle and the lateral digital extensor muscle fuse in the horse, as well as the medial extensor branch of the interosseus muscle and the lateral extensor branch of the interosseus muscle.
What structure holds down the tendon of the cranial tibial muscle and the tendon of the long digital extensor muscle?
The crural extensor retinaculum holds down the tendon of the cranial tibial muscle and the long digital extensor muscle.
What is the action of the psoas major muscle of the iliopsoas muscles?
The psoas major muscle of the iliopsoas muscles flexes the hip joint.
What is the origin of the gracilis muscle?
The gracilis muscle originates from the pelvic symphysis via symphysial tendon.
What muscle has a subtendinous bursa as the tendon passes over the lesser ischiatic notch of the pelvis?
The tendon of the internal obturator muscle has a subtendinous bursa located deep to the tendon as it passes over the lesser ischiatic notch of the pelvis.
Where does the superficial digital flexor muscle insert?
The superficial digital flexor muscle inserts into the medial side of the tuber calcanei, the lateral side of the tuber calcanei, and the plantar aspect of the base of the middle phalanx of digits II, III, IV, and V.
What structure holds down the tendon of the long digital extensor muscle on the dorsal surface of the metatarsus?
The tarsal extensor retinaculum holds the tendon of the long digital extensor muscle in place on the dorsal surface of the metatarsus.
What is the origin of the external obturator muscle?
The external obturator muscle originates from the ventral surface of the pubis and the ventral surface of the ischium.
What structure(s) eliminate the need for a proximal check ligament in the equine pelvic limb?
In the horse, there is no proximal check ligament of the pelvic limb. The medial and lateral attachments of the superficial digital flexor muscle to the calcaneus, more specifically the medial and lateral sides of the tuber calcanei, serve to check the hock joint to counteract flexion.
Where does the internal obturator muscle insert?
The internal obturator muscle inserts into the trochanteric fossa of the femur.
What is the action of the iliopsoas muscles?
The iliopsoas muscles flex the hip joint.
What muscle lies directly over the ventral aspect of the coxofemoral joint capsule?
The articularis coxae muscle lies directly over the ventral aspect of the coxofemoral joint capsule.
Where is the intertendinous calcanean bursa located at the tuber calcanei?
The intertendinous calcanean bursa becomes subtendinous to the superficial digital flexor muscle at the tuber calcanei.
What is the origin of the semitendinosus muscle?
The semitendinosus muscle originates from the ischiatic tuberosity.
What muscle is also referred to as the fibularis longus muscle?
The peroneus longus muscle is also referred to as the fibularis longus muscle.
What are the heads of the quadriceps femoris muscles?
The quadriceps femoris muscle has four heads: Rectus femoris of the quadriceps femoris muscle Vastus lateralis of the quadriceps femoris muscle Vastus intermedius of the quadriceps femoris muscle Vastus medialis of the quadriceps femoris muscle
What is the origin of the cranial tibial muscle?
The cranial tibial muscle originates from the proximal and lateral aspect of the tibia near the extensor groove.
Where is the external obturator muscle located?
The external obturator muscle is located on the ventral aspect of the pubis and ventral aspect of the ischium and lies on the ventral surface of the obturator foramen of the pelvis.
Where is the trochanteric bursa located?
In the horse, the trochanteric bursa is located deep to the accessory gluteal muscle where it passes over the cranial part of the greater trochanter of the femur.
What structure “caps the hock”?
The tendon of the superficial digital flexor muscle “caps the hock”.
What is the origin of the sartorius muscle.
The sartorius muscle originates from the ilium, more specifically the crest of the ilium, thoracolumbar fascia, and the ventral border of the ilium.
What additional digital extensor muscle is present in the horse?
There is also a lateral digital extensor muscle that is very obvious in the horse.
Where does the fibularis longus muscle insert?
The fibularis longus muscle (peroneus longus muscle) inserts into tarsal bone IV and the plantar aspect of the proximal ends of the metatarsal bones.
What is the action of the tensor fasciae latae muscle?
The tensor fasciae latae muscle flexes the hip joint, extends the stifle joint, and tenses the fascia lata.
Where can you find the popliteus muscle?
The popliteus muscle is located immediately proximal and medial to the medial head of the deep digital flexor muscle on the caudal aspect of the knee, or stifle, joint in the popliteal region.
What structure(s) are present in the pelvic limb of the horse to counteract flexion?
In the horse, there is no proximal check ligament of the pelvic limb. The medial and lateral attachments of the superficial digital flexor muscle to the calcaneus, more specifically the medial and lateral sides of the tuber calcanei, serve to check the hock joint to counteract flexion. The distal check ligaments are not very significant and may be difficult to find.
What muscles converge in the ox to form the gluteobiceps muscle?
In the ox, the superficial gluteal muscle converges with the biceps femoris muscle to form the gluteobiceps muscle.
What structure do the iliopsoas muscles extend through?
The iliopsoas muscles extend through the muscular lacuna of the abdominal wall adjacent to the vascular lacuna.
What muscle is located adjacent to the adductor muscle on the medial aspect of the pelvic limb and caudal to the gemelli muscle on the lateral aspect of the pelvic limb?
The quadratus femoris muscle can be seen both medially and laterally. Medially, the quadratus femoris muscle can be seen adjacent to the adductor muscle. Laterally, the quadratus femoris muscle can be seen caudal to the gemelli muscle.
Where does the vastus intermedius muscle of the quadriceps femoris muscles insert?
The vastus intermedius muscle of the quadriceps femoris muscles inserts into the tibial tuberosity via the patellar ligament.
Where is the internal obturator muscle located?
The internal obturator muscle is located on the dorsal surface of the obturator foramen of the pelvis.
What is the origin of the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle?
The medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle originates from the medial supracondylar tuberosity of the femur.
What is the action of the superficial gluteal muscle?
The superficial gluteal muscle extends the hip joint and abducts the pelvic limb.
Where does the medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle insert?
The medial head of the gastrocnemius muscle inserts into the tuber calcanei.
What is the action of the rectus femoris muscle of the quadriceps femoris muscles?
The rectus femoris muscle of the quadriceps femoris muscles extends the stifle joint and flexes the hip joint.
What structure does the tendon of origin of the popliteus muscle pass deep to?
The tendon of origin of the popliteus muscle passes deep to the lateral collateral ligament of the stifle joint.
What is the action(s) of the hamstring muscles?
All of the hamstring muscles are extensors of the hip joint and flexors of the stifle joint. These muscles may also extend the stifle while the pelvic is bearing weight, depending on the limb position.
