Thorax and Neck

Question 1

Midline

Answer 1

Down the centre of the sternum

Question 2

Mid-clavicular line

Answer 2

Taken from the middle of the clavicle

Question 3

Anterior axillary line

Answer 3

From the fold of muscle at the anterior of the axilla (front of armpit)

Question 4

Mid-axillary line

Answer 4

From middle of axilla and usually the widest part of the thorax

Question 5

Posterior axillary line

Answer 5

From the fold of the muscle at the posterior of the axilla

Question 6

3 processes of the scapula

Answer 6

1. acromion
2. spine
3. coracoid process

Question 7

3 parts of sternum

Answer 7

1. manubrium of sternum
2. body of sternum
3. xiphoid process

Question 8

Where is the sternal angle?

Answer 8

Joining the body of the sternum to the manubrium of the sternum

Question 9

Alternative names for the sternal angle?

Answer 9

1. manubriosternal joint

2. angle of Louis

Question 10

Where is the suprasternal notch?

Answer 10

At the top of the sternum joining it to the clavicle

Question 11

What joins to the xiphoid process of sternum?

Answer 11

7th costal cartilage at the inferior end

Question 12

3 major compartments of thoracic cavity

Answer 12

1. left pleural cavity
2. right pleural cavity
3. mediastinum

Question 13

What is level with the sternal angle?

Answer 13

1. intervertebral disc of T4 and T5
2. joins to 2nd costal cartilage
3. marks the transverse plane dividing superior and inferior mediastinum
4. overlies aortic arch on left
5. overlies superior vena cava on right
6. pericardium extends from just superior to level of xiphoid process
7. bifrucation of trachea

Question 14

what is in the mediastinum?

Answer 14

1. heart
2. esophagus
3. trachea
4. major nerves
5. major systemic blood vessels

Question 15

where is the apex of the lung?

Answer 15

The root of the neck

Question 16

How many thoracic ribs are there?

Answer 16

12

Question 17

What is the inferior mediastinum divided into?

Answer 17

1. anterior mediastinum
2. middle mediastinum
3. posterior mediastinum

Question 18

What divides the inferior mediastinum?

Answer 18

The pericardium

Question 19

What is the mesothelial membrane lining the pleural cavities?

Answer 19

The pleura

Question 20

2 types of pleura

Answer 20

1. visceral

2. parietal

Question 21

What does the parietal pleura line?

Answer 21

The wall of the thoracic cavity

Question 22

What does the visceral pleura line?

Answer 22

The lungs

Question 23

Where is the left brachiocephalic vein?

Answer 23

It crosses the midline, posterior to manubrium

Question 24

Where does the left brachiocephalic vein take blood from?

Answer 24

1. left side of the head and neck
2. left upper limb
3. part of left thoracic wall

Question 25

Where do the hemiazygos and accessory hemizygos veins take blood from?

Answer 25

Posterior and lateral parts of left thoracic wall

Question 26

Where are the hemizygos and accessory hemizygos veins found?

Answer 26

They pass anterior to the bodies of thoracic wall so blood flows into the azygos vein on the right side

Question 27

Where do the phrenic nerves run?

Answer 27

Vertically through the neck and thorax, passing anteriorly to the roots of the lungs, to the diaphragm

Question 28

What do the phrenic nerves do?

Answer 28

Supply the diaphragm with motor innervation

Question 29

What do the phrenic nerves branch off?

Answer 29

The cervical plexus in the neck