Thorax and Neck Flashcards
Midline
Down the centre of the sternum
Mid-clavicular line
Taken from the middle of the clavicle
Anterior axillary line
From the fold of muscle at the anterior of the axilla (front of armpit)
Mid-axillary line
From middle of axilla and usually the widest part of the thorax
Posterior axillary line
From the fold of the muscle at the posterior of the axilla
3 processes of the scapula
- acromion
- spine
- coracoid process
3 parts of sternum
- manubrium of sternum
- body of sternum
- xiphoid process
Where is the sternal angle?
Joining the body of the sternum to the manubrium of the sternum
Alternative names for the sternal angle?
- manubriosternal joint
2. angle of Louis
Where is the suprasternal notch?
At the top of the sternum joining it to the clavicle
What joins to the xiphoid process of sternum?
7th costal cartilage at the inferior end
3 major compartments of thoracic cavity
- left pleural cavity
- right pleural cavity
- mediastinum
What is level with the sternal angle?
- intervertebral disc of T4 and T5
- joins to 2nd costal cartilage
- marks the transverse plane dividing superior and inferior mediastinum
- overlies aortic arch on left
- overlies superior vena cava on right
- pericardium extends from just superior to level of xiphoid process
- bifrucation of trachea
what is in the mediastinum?
- heart
- esophagus
- trachea
- major nerves
- major systemic blood vessels
where is the apex of the lung?
The root of the neck
How many thoracic ribs are there?
12
What is the inferior mediastinum divided into?
- anterior mediastinum
- middle mediastinum
- posterior mediastinum
What divides the inferior mediastinum?
The pericardium
What is the mesothelial membrane lining the pleural cavities?
The pleura
2 types of pleura
- visceral
2. parietal
What does the parietal pleura line?
The wall of the thoracic cavity
What does the visceral pleura line?
The lungs
Where is the left brachiocephalic vein?
It crosses the midline, posterior to manubrium
Where does the left brachiocephalic vein take blood from?
- left side of the head and neck
- left upper limb
- part of left thoracic wall
Where do the hemiazygos and accessory hemizygos veins take blood from?
Posterior and lateral parts of left thoracic wall
Where are the hemizygos and accessory hemizygos veins found?
They pass anterior to the bodies of thoracic wall so blood flows into the azygos vein on the right side
Where do the phrenic nerves run?
Vertically through the neck and thorax, passing anteriorly to the roots of the lungs, to the diaphragm
What do the phrenic nerves do?
Supply the diaphragm with motor innervation
What do the phrenic nerves branch off?
The cervical plexus in the neck
