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Emily's Anatomy > Perineum > Flashcards

Perineum Flashcards

1
Q

What is the perineum?

A

The anatomical region of the pelvis

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2
Q

What separates the pelvic cavity from the perineum?

A

The pelvic floor

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3
Q

What is the anterior anatomical border?

A

Public symphysis

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4
Q

What is the posterior anatomical border?

A

Tip of the coccyx

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5
Q

What is the lateral anatomical border?

A
  1. Inferior pubic rami
  2. Inferior ischial rami
  3. Sacrotuberous ligament
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6
Q

What is the anatomical roof border of the perineum?

A

Pelvic floor

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7
Q

What is the anatomical base border of the perineum?

A

Skin and fascia

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8
Q

The perineum can be subdivided into two sections by what?

A

The ischial tuberosities

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9
Q

What are the two triangles of the perineum?

A
  1. Anterior urogenital triangle

2. Posterior anal triangle

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10
Q

What is the anterior surface border of the perineum?

A

FEMALES = mons pubis

MALES = base of penis

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11
Q

What is the lateral surface border of the perineum?

A

Medial surfaces of the thighs

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12
Q

What is the posterior surface border of the perineum?

A

Superior end of the intergluteal cleft

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13
Q

What are the borders of the anal triangle?

A
  1. Coccyx
  2. Sacrotuberous ligaments
  3. Theoretical line between the ischial tuberosities
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14
Q

What are the main contents of the anal triangle?

A
  1. Anal aperture
  2. External anal sphincter muscle
  3. Ischioanal fossae
  4. Pudendal nerve
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15
Q

What are the ischioanal fossae?

A

Spaces located laterally to the anus

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16
Q

What do the ischioanal fossae do?

A

They contain fat and connective tissue that allow for expansion of the anal canal during defecation

17
Q

Where do the ischioanal fossae extend to and from?

A

INFERIORLY = skin of anal region

SUPERIORLY = pelvic diaphragm

18
Q

What does the pudendal nerve supply?

A

The whole perineum with somatic fibres

19
Q

What is the urogenital triangle bound by?

A
  1. Pubic symphysis
  2. Ischiopubic rami
  3. Theoretical line between the ischial tuberosities
20
Q

What is the perineal membrane?

A

An additional layer of strong, deep fascia in the urogenital triangle

21
Q

What are the layers of the urogenital triangle? (From deep to superficial)

A
  1. Deep perineal pouch
  2. Perineal membrane
  3. Superficial perineal pouch
  4. Perineal fascia
  5. Skin
22
Q

What is the deep perineal pouch?

A

A potential space between the deep fascia of the pelvic floor and the perineal membrane

23
Q

What does the deep perineal pouch contain?

A
  1. Urethra
  2. External urethral sphincter
  3. Vagina (F)
  4. Bulbourethral glands (M)
  5. Deep transverse perineal muscles (M)
24
Q

What is the perineal membrane?

A

A layer of tough fascia providing attachment for the muscles of the external genitalia

25
Q

What does the perineal membrane contain?

A
  1. Urethra perforates the membrane

2. Vagina (F)

26
Q

What is the superficial perineal pouch?

A

A potential space between the perineal membrane and the superficial perineal fascia

27
Q

What does the superficial perineal pouch contain?

A
  1. Erectile tissues that form the penis and clitoris
  2. 3 muscles
  3. Bartholin’s glands
28
Q

What are the 3 muscles in the superficial perineal pouch?

A
  1. Ischiocavernous muscle
  2. Bulbospongiosus muscle
  3. Superficial transverse perineal muscles
29
Q

What is another name for the Bartholin’s glands?

A

The greater vestibular glands

30
Q

What is the perineal fascia?

A

A continuity of the abdominal fascia

31
Q

What are the two components of the perineal fascia?

A
  1. Deep fascia

2. Superficial fascia

32
Q

What 2 layers of fascia comprise the superficial perineal fascia layer and what are they continuous with?

A
  1. SUPERFICIAL layer - continuous with Camper’s fascia of anterior abdominal wall
  2. DEEP layer (Colles’ fascia) - continuous with Scarpa’s fascia of the anterior abdominal wall
33
Q

What is the perineal body?

A

An irregular fibromuscular mass in the central point of the perineum

34
Q

What does the perineal body act as?

A

A point of attachment for muscle fibres of the pelvic floor and perineum

35
Q

What attaches to the perineal body?

A
  1. Levator ani
  2. bulbospongiosus muscle
  3. Superficial and deep transverse perineal muscles
  4. External anal sphincter muscle
  5. External urethral sphincter muscle fibres
36
Q

Where does the perineal body lie in women and why?

A

Between the vagina and external anal sphincter

Acts as a tear resistant body, supporting the posterior part of the vaginal wall against prolapse.

37
Q

What does the pudendal nerve travel along in the perineum?

A

Along the inner surface of the ischial tuberosities, through Alcock’s canal

38
Q

What is Alcock’s canal?

A

A canal formed by a thickening of the obturator fascia

Emily's Anatomy (11 decks)

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