Thorax and Lungs Flashcards
What is included in the thorax? (3)
Lungs, distal portion of the trachea, bronchi
Name the 3 parts of the sternum.
Manubrium, body, xiphoid process
How many ribs in the thoracic cage?
12
Name the 3 vertical reference lines and locations.
Anterior chest, midsternal; posterior thorax, vertebral line; and lateral thorax, midaxillary line.
What is the name of the thin, double-layered serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity?
Pleura
Define dyspnea and describe 2 types.
Shortness of breath, which can occur in normal circumstances (such as after a run around the block) or with very little exertion.
Define orthopnea and what it may be indicative of.
Shortness of breath while lying down. May indicate CV disease, lung cancer, HF or pulmonary edema.
Describe paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.
An individual may go to sleep feeling fine, but wake up in the middle of the night with shortness of breath.
Describe sleep apnea
Individuals usually snore, may gasp for air during the night and/or experience periods of no breathing at all; sustained low levels of oxygen.
What questions would you want to ask someone that you’re screening for TB?
Are you experiencing fever, chills or night sweats?
Have you experienced any recent weight loss?
Have you traveled anywhere recently?
Are you experiencing a cough?
Name two things that decrease fremitius
Bronchial obstruction (preventing air flow) and pneumothorax
Name 2 things that cause areas of consolidation and therefore an increased fremitus.
Fluid or mass
What tone would you hear over bone?
Flat
What tone would you hear over a mass?
Dull
What tone would you hear over normal muscle tissue?
Resonance
What tone would you hear over a collapsed lung or pneumothorax?
Hyper-resonance
What tone would you hear over pneumonia, lung cancer, or pulmonary edema?
Dull
Name the 3 types of normal breath sounds.
Bronchial, bronchovesicular, and vesicular
Name the 3 types of voice sounds.
Bronchophony, egophony, and whispered pectoriloquy
What are adventitious breath sounds and what are 2 examples?
Abnormal breath sounds such as crackles or wheezes.
What 3 breathing characteristics should you be looking for?
Rate, rhythm and depth
What 2 respiratory disorders could be linked to labored and noisy breathing?
Severe asthma or chronic bronchitis
With emphysema, you’d expect [increased/ decreased] fremitus.
Decreased
With obstruction of the tracheal tree, you’d experience ____ vibrations.
Diminished
Emphysema and pneumothorax would produce what kind of tone?
Hyperresonance
Consolidation, pleural effusion , and tumors produce what kind of tone?
Dullness
____ is an increased curve of the thoracic spine.
Kyphosis
