Thorax and Lungs

Question 1

What is included in the thorax? (3)

Answer 1

Lungs, distal portion of the trachea, bronchi

Question 2

Name the 3 parts of the sternum.

Answer 2

Manubrium, body, xiphoid process

Question 3

How many ribs in the thoracic cage?

Answer 3

12

Question 4

Name the 3 vertical reference lines and locations.

Answer 4

Anterior chest, midsternal; posterior thorax, vertebral line; and lateral thorax, midaxillary line.

Question 5

What is the name of the thin, double-layered serous membrane that lines the thoracic cavity?

Answer 5

Pleura

Question 6

Define dyspnea and describe 2 types.

Answer 6

Shortness of breath, which can occur in normal circumstances (such as after a run around the block) or with very little exertion.

Question 7

Define orthopnea and what it may be indicative of.

Answer 7

Shortness of breath while lying down. May indicate CV disease, lung cancer, HF or pulmonary edema.

Question 8

Describe paroxysmal nocturnal dyspnea.

Answer 8

An individual may go to sleep feeling fine, but wake up in the middle of the night with shortness of breath.

Question 9

Describe sleep apnea

Answer 9

Individuals usually snore, may gasp for air during the night and/or experience periods of no breathing at all; sustained low levels of oxygen.

Question 10

What questions would you want to ask someone that you’re screening for TB?

Answer 10

Are you experiencing fever, chills or night sweats?
Have you experienced any recent weight loss?
Have you traveled anywhere recently?
Are you experiencing a cough?

Question 11

Name two things that decrease fremitius

Answer 11

Bronchial obstruction (preventing air flow) and pneumothorax

Question 12

Name 2 things that cause areas of consolidation and therefore an increased fremitus.

Answer 12

Fluid or mass

Question 13

What tone would you hear over bone?

Answer 13

Flat

Question 14

What tone would you hear over a mass?

Answer 14

Dull

Question 15

What tone would you hear over normal muscle tissue?

Answer 15

Resonance

Question 16

What tone would you hear over a collapsed lung or pneumothorax?

Answer 16

Hyper-resonance

Question 17

What tone would you hear over pneumonia, lung cancer, or pulmonary edema?

Answer 17

Dull

Question 18

Name the 3 types of normal breath sounds.

Answer 18

Bronchial, bronchovesicular, and vesicular

Question 19

Name the 3 types of voice sounds.

Answer 19

Bronchophony, egophony, and whispered pectoriloquy

Question 20

What are adventitious breath sounds and what are 2 examples?

Answer 20

Abnormal breath sounds such as crackles or wheezes.

Question 21

What 3 breathing characteristics should you be looking for?

Answer 21

Rate, rhythm and depth

Question 22

What 2 respiratory disorders could be linked to labored and noisy breathing?

Answer 22

Severe asthma or chronic bronchitis

Question 23

With emphysema, you’d expect [increased/ decreased] fremitus.

Answer 23

Decreased

Question 24

With obstruction of the tracheal tree, you’d experience ____ vibrations.

Answer 24

Diminished

Question 25

Emphysema and pneumothorax would produce what kind of tone?

Answer 25

Hyperresonance

Question 26

Consolidation, pleural effusion , and tumors produce what kind of tone?

Answer 26

Dullness

Question 27

____ is an increased curve of the thoracic spine.

Answer 27

Kyphosis