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Health Assessment > Chapters 8-9 > Flashcards

Chapters 8-9 Flashcards

1
Q

Observe a client for significant abnormalities in any of these 8 areas:

A

1) Skin color
2) Dress
3) Hygiene
4) Posture/ gait
5) Physical development
6) Body build
7) Age
8) Gender

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2
Q

Vital signs provide data that reflect status of what 4 body systems?

A

Cardiovascular, neurologic, peripheral vascular, respiratory

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3
Q

List the 4 vital signs

A

Temperature, pulse, respirations, blood pressure

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4
Q

What vital sign should you take first?

A

Temperature

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5
Q

What amplitude indicates a weak or diminished pulse?

A

1+

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6
Q

What amplitude indicates a normal pulse?

A

2+

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7
Q

What amplitude indicates a bounding pulse that can’t be obliterated?

A

3+

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8
Q

Define systolic blood pressure

A

Measurement of the pressure of the blood in the arteries when the ventricles are contracted

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9
Q

Define diastolic blood pressure

A

Measurement of the pressure of the blood in the arteries when the ventricles are relaxed

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10
Q

What is considered the “fifth vital sign”?

A

Pain

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11
Q

Normal temperature in older clients may range from ___-___

A

95.0 - 97.5

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12
Q

What 2 occurrences, second to bone loss, may result in kyphosis. in older adults?

A

Osteoporotic thinning, collapse of vertebrae.

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13
Q

Arteries of older clients may feel

A

Rigid, hard, bent

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14
Q

What qualifies for isolated systolic hypertension?

A

Systolic pressure over 140; diastolic pressure under 90

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15
Q

The respiratory rate of older patients may range from ___-___

A

15 - 22

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16
Q

T/F: Pulse pressure widens with age

A

True

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17
Q

List 4 causes of a rise in temperature

A

1) Strenuous exercise
2) Stress
3) Ovulation
4) Hyperthermia (resulting from viral/ bacterial infections, malignancies, trauma, various disorders)

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18
Q

List 5 factors affecting blood pressure

A

1) Cardiac output
2) Elasticity of arteries
3) Blood volume
4) Blood velocity (HR)
5) Blood viscosity (thickness)

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19
Q

What 4 characteristics should you consider when taking a patient’s pulse?

A

Rate, rhythm, amplitude/ contour, elasticity

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20
Q

Define acute pain

A

Usually associated with recent injury

21
Q

Define chronic nonmalignant pain

A

Usually associated with specific cause or injury; described as constant and persistent (6+ months)

22
Q

Define cancer pain

A

Often results from compression of peripheral nerves/ meninges, or from damage to these structures following surgery, chemotherapy, radiation, or tumor growth/ infiltration

23
Q

What does cutaneous pain refer to?

A

Skin or subcutaneous

24
Q

Where is visceral pain felt?

A

In the abdominal cavity thorax, cranium

25
Q

Where is deep somatic pain found?

A

Ligaments, tendons, bones, blood vessels, nerves

26
Q

Describe radiating pain

A

Perceived at both the pain source, and extending to other tissues

27
Q

Describe referred pain

A

Perceived in body areas away from the pain source

28
Q

Describe phantom pain

A

Perceived in nerves left by a missing, amputated, or paralyzed body part

29
Q

Anxiety, sleeplessness, grimaces, decreases in cognitive function, confusion,, increased HR/ BP/ RR, decreased output/ urinary retention - these are all physiological responses to ___

A

Pain

30
Q

List the 7 dimensions of pain

A

Physical, sensory, behavioral, sociocultural, cognitive, affective, spiritual (PSCABSS)

31
Q

QUESTT Principles for Pain in Children - what does QUESTT stand for?

A 
Question the child
Use pain-rating scales
Evaluate behavior, physiologic changes
Secure parents' involvement
Take cause of pain into account
Take action and evaluate results
32
Q

Pain source stimulates ___ which are peripheral nerve endings that transmit the sensations to the CNS

A

Nociceptors

33
Q

List 3 types of nociceptors stimulated by different stimuli

A 
Mechanosensitive (of A-delta fibers)
Thermosensitive (of A-delta fibers)
Polymodal nociceptors (of C fibers)
34
Q

Mechanosensitive nociceptors are sensitive to what kind of stimulation?

A

Intense mechanical stimulation

35
Q

Thermosensitive nociceptors are sensitive to -

A

Intense heat and cold

36
Q

Polymodal nociceptors are sensitive to -

A

Noxious stimuli that is mechanical, thermal, or chemical in nature

37
Q

Transduction of pain begins when?

A

When a mechanical, thermal, or chemical stimulus results in tissue injury or damage, stimulating nociceptors

38
Q

A-delta primary afferent fibers transmit what kind of pain, where, and how fast?

A

A-delta fibers transmit fast pain to spinal cord within 0.1 second

39
Q

What does pain stemming from A-delta fibers feel like?

A

Prickling, sharp, electric

40
Q

What stimulates A-delta fibers?

A

Mechanical or thermal stimuli

41
Q

C fibers transmit what kind of pain, and how fast?

A

C fibers transmit slow pain within 1.0 second

42
Q

What does pain stemming from C-fibers feel like?

A

Burning, throbbing, aching; usually results in tissue damage

43
Q

What stimulates C-fibers?

A

Mechanical, thermal, or chemical stimuli.

44
Q

Define hypothermia and its causes

A

Definition: abnormally low body temperature
Causes: prolonged exposure to cold, hypoglycemia, hypothyroidism, starvation

45
Q

Define hyperthermia and its causes

A

Definition: an abnormally high body temperature
Causes: viral or bacterial infections, malignancies, trauma, various disorders

46
Q

Blood pressure reflects what pressure in the body?

A

The pressure exerted on the walls of the arteries

47
Q

What does blood pressure measure?

A

The pressure of the blood in the arteries when the ventricles are contracted (systolic) and relaxed (diastolic)

48
Q

What is the term for the difference between systolic and diastolic blood pressure?

A

Pulse pressure

49
Q

Pulse pressure reflects the amount of blood ejected with each heartbeat - what is the term for this?

A

Stroke volume

Health Assessment (6 decks)

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