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NURS 344 > thorax and lungs > Flashcards

thorax and lungs Flashcards

1
Q

U shaped depression just above sternum between vlavicles

A

suprasternal notch

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2
Q

breastbone

A

sternum

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3
Q

parts of the sternum

A

manubrium
body
xiphoid process

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4
Q

also known as the angle of louis

A

manubriosternal angle

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5
Q

at articulation of manubrium and sternum, continuous with second rib

A

angle of louis

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6
Q

marks site of tracheal bifurcation into right and left main bronchi

A

angle of louis

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7
Q

right and left costal margins from an angle where they meet at xiphoid process

A

costal angle

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8
Q

anterior landmarks include:

A
  • Suprasternal notch
  • sternum
  • manubriosternal angle
  • costal angle
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9
Q

most prominent bony spur protruding at base of neck

A

vertebra prominens

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10
Q

knobs on vertebrae which stack together to form spinal column

A

spinous processes

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11
Q

bottom tip of scapula, located on 8th rib

A

inferior border of scapula

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12
Q

palpate midway between spine and a person’s side to identify free tip

A

twelfth rib

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13
Q

posterior thoracic landmarks

A
  • vertebra prominens
  • spinous processes
  • inferior border of scapula
  • twelfth rib
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14
Q

lift up persons arm to 90 degrees and divide lateral chest by three lines

A

anterior, posterior, and midaxillary line

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15
Q

use reference lines to pinpoint finding vertically on anterior chest

A
  • midsternal

- midclavicular

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16
Q

use reference lines to pinpoint finding vertically on posterior chest

A

mid-spinal

scapular line

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17
Q

middle section of thoracic cavity

A

mediastinum

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18
Q

mediastinum contains

A

esophagus, trachea, heart, great vessels

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19
Q

this lung is shorter than other because of _____

A

right lung, liver

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20
Q

this lung is narrower because of ______

A

left lung, heart

21
Q

lung has three lobes

A

right

22
Q

lung has 2 lobes

A

left

23
Q

on anterior chest, oblique fissure crosses _____ in _____ and terminates at _____

A

crosses at 5th rib in madaxillary line

terminates at sixth ride in midclavicular line

24
Q

most remarkable point about posterior chest is that it is almost all

A

lower lobes of lungs

25
Q

lateral chest: lung tissue extends from _____ to _____

A

extends from apex of axilla down to seventh or eight rib

26
Q

forms an envelope between lungs and chest wall

A

pleurae

27
Q

lines outside of lungs, dipping into fissures

A

visceral pleura

28
Q

normally has a vacuum, or negative pressure, which holds lungs tight against chest wall

A

pleural cavity

29
Q

lies anterior to esophagus and is 10-11 cm long in adults

A

trachea

30
Q

____ main bronchus is shorter, wider, and more vertical than the ____ main bronchus

A

right, left

31
Q

transport gases between the environment and lung parenchyma

A

trachea and bronchi

32
Q

functional unit consists of bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli

A

acinus

33
Q

4 main functions of respiratory system

A
  • supply oxygen to the body for energy production
  • remove carbon dioxide
  • maintain homeostasis of arterial blood
  • maintaining heat exchange
34
Q

major feedback loop for respiration

A

humoral regulation

35
Q

change in carbon dioxide and oxygen levels in blood as well as hydrogen ion level

A

humoral regulation

36
Q

diaphragm contracts during

A

inhalation

37
Q

diaphragm relaxes during

A

expiration

38
Q

aging adults

A
  • decreased vital capacity and increased residual volume based on structural changes
  • histologic changes lead to decreased gas exchange
39
Q

tuberculosis affects more than ___ of the worlds population

A

1/3

40
Q

most common chronic disease in children

A

asthma

41
Q

second most commonly diagnosed cancer

A

lung cancer

42
Q

a type of adventitious sound that is not pathologic

A

atelectatic crackles

43
Q

oblique fissure landmark

A

crosses the 5th rib in the midaxillary line and terminates at the 6th ride in the midclavicular line

44
Q

horizontal fissure langmark

A

extends from the 5th rib to the 3rd intercostal space of 4th rib at right sternal border

45
Q

left oblique fissue

A

lateral side of 4th rib to medial sternal edge of 5th rib

46
Q

posterior landmarks

A

upper lobes above T3

lower lobes are from T3 down to T10

47
Q

right lobe Lateral landmarks

A

RUL: ends at 5th rib at midaxillary line to 4th rib on sternal edge
RML: triangle between 5th rib at midaxillary line, 4th rib at sternal edge, and 6th rib bath midclavicular line

48
Q

left lobe lateral landmarks

A

left oblique fissure extends from 6th rib at midclavicular line to spinous process of T3 (around 3rd intercostal space on posterior lateral view)

NURS 344 (6 decks)

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