thorax and lungs Flashcards
U shaped depression just above sternum between vlavicles
suprasternal notch
breastbone
sternum
parts of the sternum
manubrium
body
xiphoid process
also known as the angle of louis
manubriosternal angle
at articulation of manubrium and sternum, continuous with second rib
angle of louis
marks site of tracheal bifurcation into right and left main bronchi
angle of louis
right and left costal margins from an angle where they meet at xiphoid process
costal angle
anterior landmarks include:
- Suprasternal notch
- sternum
- manubriosternal angle
- costal angle
most prominent bony spur protruding at base of neck
vertebra prominens
knobs on vertebrae which stack together to form spinal column
spinous processes
bottom tip of scapula, located on 8th rib
inferior border of scapula
palpate midway between spine and a person’s side to identify free tip
twelfth rib
posterior thoracic landmarks
- vertebra prominens
- spinous processes
- inferior border of scapula
- twelfth rib
lift up persons arm to 90 degrees and divide lateral chest by three lines
anterior, posterior, and midaxillary line
use reference lines to pinpoint finding vertically on anterior chest
- midsternal
- midclavicular
use reference lines to pinpoint finding vertically on posterior chest
mid-spinal
scapular line
middle section of thoracic cavity
mediastinum
mediastinum contains
esophagus, trachea, heart, great vessels
this lung is shorter than other because of _____
right lung, liver
this lung is narrower because of ______
left lung, heart
lung has three lobes
right
lung has 2 lobes
left
on anterior chest, oblique fissure crosses _____ in _____ and terminates at _____
crosses at 5th rib in madaxillary line
terminates at sixth ride in midclavicular line
most remarkable point about posterior chest is that it is almost all
lower lobes of lungs
lateral chest: lung tissue extends from _____ to _____
extends from apex of axilla down to seventh or eight rib
forms an envelope between lungs and chest wall
pleurae
lines outside of lungs, dipping into fissures
visceral pleura
normally has a vacuum, or negative pressure, which holds lungs tight against chest wall
pleural cavity
lies anterior to esophagus and is 10-11 cm long in adults
trachea
____ main bronchus is shorter, wider, and more vertical than the ____ main bronchus
right, left
transport gases between the environment and lung parenchyma
trachea and bronchi
functional unit consists of bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli
acinus
4 main functions of respiratory system
- supply oxygen to the body for energy production
- remove carbon dioxide
- maintain homeostasis of arterial blood
- maintaining heat exchange
major feedback loop for respiration
humoral regulation
change in carbon dioxide and oxygen levels in blood as well as hydrogen ion level
humoral regulation
diaphragm contracts during
inhalation
diaphragm relaxes during
expiration
aging adults
- decreased vital capacity and increased residual volume based on structural changes
- histologic changes lead to decreased gas exchange
tuberculosis affects more than ___ of the worlds population
1/3
most common chronic disease in children
asthma
second most commonly diagnosed cancer
lung cancer
a type of adventitious sound that is not pathologic
atelectatic crackles
oblique fissure landmark
crosses the 5th rib in the midaxillary line and terminates at the 6th ride in the midclavicular line
horizontal fissure langmark
extends from the 5th rib to the 3rd intercostal space of 4th rib at right sternal border
left oblique fissue
lateral side of 4th rib to medial sternal edge of 5th rib
posterior landmarks
upper lobes above T3
lower lobes are from T3 down to T10
right lobe Lateral landmarks
RUL: ends at 5th rib at midaxillary line to 4th rib on sternal edge
RML: triangle between 5th rib at midaxillary line, 4th rib at sternal edge, and 6th rib bath midclavicular line
left lobe lateral landmarks
left oblique fissure extends from 6th rib at midclavicular line to spinous process of T3 (around 3rd intercostal space on posterior lateral view)
