thorax and lungs

Question 1

U shaped depression just above sternum between vlavicles

Answer 1

suprasternal notch

Question 2

breastbone

Answer 2

sternum

Question 3

parts of the sternum

Answer 3

manubrium
body
xiphoid process

Question 4

also known as the angle of louis

Answer 4

manubriosternal angle

Question 5

at articulation of manubrium and sternum, continuous with second rib

Answer 5

angle of louis

Question 6

marks site of tracheal bifurcation into right and left main bronchi

Answer 6

angle of louis

Question 7

right and left costal margins from an angle where they meet at xiphoid process

Answer 7

costal angle

Question 8

anterior landmarks include:

Answer 8

• Suprasternal notch
• sternum
• manubriosternal angle
• costal angle

Question 9

most prominent bony spur protruding at base of neck

Answer 9

vertebra prominens

Question 10

knobs on vertebrae which stack together to form spinal column

Answer 10

spinous processes

Question 11

bottom tip of scapula, located on 8th rib

Answer 11

inferior border of scapula

Question 12

palpate midway between spine and a person’s side to identify free tip

Answer 12

twelfth rib

Question 13

posterior thoracic landmarks

Answer 13

• vertebra prominens
• spinous processes
• inferior border of scapula
• twelfth rib

Question 14

lift up persons arm to 90 degrees and divide lateral chest by three lines

Answer 14

anterior, posterior, and midaxillary line

Question 15

use reference lines to pinpoint finding vertically on anterior chest

Answer 15

• midsternal

- midclavicular

Question 16

use reference lines to pinpoint finding vertically on posterior chest

Answer 16

mid-spinal

scapular line

Question 17

middle section of thoracic cavity

Answer 17

mediastinum

Question 18

mediastinum contains

Answer 18

esophagus, trachea, heart, great vessels

Question 19

this lung is shorter than other because of _____

Answer 19

right lung, liver

Question 20

this lung is narrower because of ______

Answer 20

left lung, heart

Question 21

lung has three lobes

Answer 21

right

Question 22

lung has 2 lobes

Answer 22

left

Question 23

on anterior chest, oblique fissure crosses _____ in _____ and terminates at _____

Answer 23

crosses at 5th rib in madaxillary line

terminates at sixth ride in midclavicular line

Question 24

most remarkable point about posterior chest is that it is almost all

Answer 24

lower lobes of lungs

Question 25

lateral chest: lung tissue extends from _____ to _____

Answer 25

extends from apex of axilla down to seventh or eight rib

Question 26

forms an envelope between lungs and chest wall

Answer 26

pleurae

Question 27

lines outside of lungs, dipping into fissures

Answer 27

visceral pleura

Question 28

normally has a vacuum, or negative pressure, which holds lungs tight against chest wall

Answer 28

pleural cavity

Question 29

lies anterior to esophagus and is 10-11 cm long in adults

Answer 29

trachea

Question 30

____ main bronchus is shorter, wider, and more vertical than the ____ main bronchus

Answer 30

right, left

Question 31

transport gases between the environment and lung parenchyma

Answer 31

trachea and bronchi

Question 32

functional unit consists of bronchioles, alveolar ducts, alveolar sacs, and alveoli

Answer 32

acinus

Question 33

4 main functions of respiratory system

Answer 33

- supply oxygen to the body for energy production - remove carbon dioxide - maintain homeostasis of arterial blood - maintaining heat exchange

Question 34

major feedback loop for respiration

Answer 34

humoral regulation

Question 35

change in carbon dioxide and oxygen levels in blood as well as hydrogen ion level

Answer 35

humoral regulation

Question 36

diaphragm contracts during

Answer 36

inhalation

Question 37

diaphragm relaxes during

Answer 37

expiration

Question 38

aging adults

Answer 38

- decreased vital capacity and increased residual volume based on structural changes - histologic changes lead to decreased gas exchange

Question 39

tuberculosis affects more than ___ of the worlds population

Answer 39

1/3

Question 40

most common chronic disease in children

Answer 40

asthma

Question 41

second most commonly diagnosed cancer

Answer 41

lung cancer

Question 42

a type of adventitious sound that is not pathologic

Answer 42

atelectatic crackles

Question 43

oblique fissure landmark

Answer 43

crosses the 5th rib in the midaxillary line and terminates at the 6th ride in the midclavicular line

Question 44

horizontal fissure langmark

Answer 44

extends from the 5th rib to the 3rd intercostal space of 4th rib at right sternal border

Question 45

left oblique fissue

Answer 45

lateral side of 4th rib to medial sternal edge of 5th rib

Question 46

posterior landmarks

Answer 46

upper lobes above T3 | lower lobes are from T3 down to T10

Question 47

right lobe Lateral landmarks

Answer 47

RUL: ends at 5th rib at midaxillary line to 4th rib on sternal edge RML: triangle between 5th rib at midaxillary line, 4th rib at sternal edge, and 6th rib bath midclavicular line

Question 48

left lobe lateral landmarks

Answer 48

left oblique fissure extends from 6th rib at midclavicular line to spinous process of T3 (around 3rd intercostal space on posterior lateral view)