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NURS 344 > heart and neck > Flashcards

heart and neck Flashcards

1
Q

Route of unoxygenated blood

A

liver-> inferior vena cava -> right atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonic valve -> pulmonary artery-> lungs

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2
Q

route of oxygenated blood

A

Lungs -> lift atrium -> mitral valve -> left ventricle-> aorta -> body

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3
Q

delivers oxygenated blood

A

arteries

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4
Q

delivers deoxygenated blood

A

veins

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5
Q

ventricles relax and fill with blood

A

diastole

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6
Q

2/3 of cardiac cycle

A

diastole

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7
Q

early passive phase of diastole

A

protodiastolic filling

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8
Q

atrial kick that occurs during ventricular diastole

A

presystole; atrial systole

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9
Q

heart’s contraction, blood pumped from ventricles fills pulmonary and systemic arteries

A

systole

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10
Q

1/3 of cardiac cycle

A

systole

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11
Q

contraction against closed system works to build high level pressure in ventricles

A

isometric contraction

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12
Q

all four valves closed and ventricles relax

A

isometric relaxation

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13
Q

______ side requires lower pressure and sequence occurs slightly later

A

right

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14
Q

first heart sound

A

S1

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15
Q

Second heart sound

A

S2

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16
Q

occurs with closure of AV values

A

S1

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17
Q

what signals beginning of systole

A

closure of AV valves; s1 sound

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18
Q

first sound also has a ____ and _____ component

A

mitral (M1) and tricuspid (T!)

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19
Q

occurs with closure of semilunar valves

A

S2

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20
Q

what signals end of systole

A

closure of semilunar valves; S2 sound

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21
Q

second sound also has a _____ and ______ component

A

aortic (A2) and pulmonary (P2)

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22
Q

___1____ component of first sound slightly precedes __2____ component

A
  1. mitral

2. tricuspid

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23
Q

___1_____ component of second sound slightly precedes ____2____ component

A
  1. aortic

2. pulmonic

24
Q

S2 is loudest where?

A

at the base

25
Q

occurs when ventricles resistant to filling during early rapid filling phase

A

third heart sound S3

26
Q

S3 occurs

A

immediately after S2

27
Q

occurs at end of diastole, at presystole, when ventricles resistant to filling

A

fourth heart sound S4

28
Q

S4 occurs:

A

just before S1

29
Q

gentle, blowing, swooshing sound that can be heard on chest wall

A

murmurs

30
Q

conditions that can result in murmurs (3)

A
  • velocity of blood increases
  • velocity of blood decreases
  • structural defects in valves
31
Q

All heart sounds are described by:

A

frequency/pitch
intensity/loudness
duration
timing

32
Q

heart contracts in response to:

A

electrical current conveyed by a conduction system

33
Q

electric impulse that conducts heart comes from

A

SA node near superior vena cava

34
Q

wave that represents depolarization of the atria

A

P wave

35
Q

complex that represents depolarization of ventricles

A

QRS complex

36
Q

represents depolarization of ventricles

A

T wave

37
Q

heart normally pumps between _________ blood per minute throughout body

A

4-6 L

38
Q

venous return that builds during diastole

A

preload

39
Q

Frank-Starling law

A

greater the stretch, the stronger the hearts contraction

40
Q

opposing pressure ventricle must generate to open aortic valve against higher aortic pressure

A

afterload

41
Q

2 main neck vessels

A
  • carotid artery

- jugular venous

42
Q

presence of _____ and ______ dysrhythmias increase with age

A

supra ventricular and ventricular

43
Q

accounts for about half of deaths of older people

A

coronary artery disease

44
Q

equipment for exam

A

stethoscope

45
Q

location of aortic area

A

right side, sternal edge, 2nd intercostal space

46
Q

location of pulmonic area

A

left side, sternal edge, 2nd intercostal space

47
Q

location of herbs point

A

left side, sternal edge, 3rd intercostal space

48
Q

location of tricuspid area

A

left side, sternal edge, 5th intercostal space

49
Q

location of mitral area

A

left side, midclavicular line, 5th intercostal space

50
Q

aging adults (4)

A
  • rise in systolic blood pressure
  • left ventricular wall thickness increases
  • presence of supra ventricular and ventricular dysrhythmias
  • age related ECG changes
51
Q

pulmonary causes of chest pain (3)

A
  • pulmonary embolism
  • pneumonia
  • pneumothorax
52
Q

gastrointestinal causes of chest pain (4)

A
  • gastroesophageal reflux
  • esophageal spasm
  • cholecystis
  • pancreatitis
53
Q

dermatologic causes of chest pain

A

herpes zoster

54
Q

musculoskeletal/neurologic causes of chest pain

A
  • costochondritis

- chest wall muscle strain

55
Q

psychogenic causes of chest pain

A

depression and anxiety

NURS 344 (6 decks)

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