heart and neck

Question 1

Route of unoxygenated blood

Answer 1

liver-> inferior vena cava -> right atrium -> right ventricle -> pulmonic valve -> pulmonary artery-> lungs

Question 2

route of oxygenated blood

Answer 2

Lungs -> lift atrium -> mitral valve -> left ventricle-> aorta -> body

Question 3

delivers oxygenated blood

Answer 3

arteries

Question 4

delivers deoxygenated blood

Answer 4

veins

Question 5

ventricles relax and fill with blood

Answer 5

diastole

Question 6

2/3 of cardiac cycle

Answer 6

diastole

Question 7

early passive phase of diastole

Answer 7

protodiastolic filling

Question 8

atrial kick that occurs during ventricular diastole

Answer 8

presystole; atrial systole

Question 9

heart’s contraction, blood pumped from ventricles fills pulmonary and systemic arteries

Answer 9

systole

Question 10

1/3 of cardiac cycle

Answer 10

systole

Question 11

contraction against closed system works to build high level pressure in ventricles

Answer 11

isometric contraction

Question 12

all four valves closed and ventricles relax

Answer 12

isometric relaxation

Question 13

______ side requires lower pressure and sequence occurs slightly later

Answer 13

right

Question 14

first heart sound

Answer 14

S1

Question 15

Second heart sound

Answer 15

S2

Question 16

occurs with closure of AV values

Answer 16

S1

Question 17

what signals beginning of systole

Answer 17

closure of AV valves; s1 sound

Question 18

first sound also has a ____ and _____ component

Answer 18

mitral (M1) and tricuspid (T!)

Question 19

occurs with closure of semilunar valves

Answer 19

S2

Question 20

what signals end of systole

Answer 20

closure of semilunar valves; S2 sound

Question 21

second sound also has a _____ and ______ component

Answer 21

aortic (A2) and pulmonary (P2)

Question 22

___1____ component of first sound slightly precedes __2____ component

Answer 22

1. mitral

2. tricuspid

Question 23

___1_____ component of second sound slightly precedes ____2____ component

Answer 23

1. aortic

2. pulmonic

Question 24

S2 is loudest where?

Answer 24

at the base

Question 25

occurs when ventricles resistant to filling during early rapid filling phase

Answer 25

third heart sound S3

Question 26

S3 occurs

Answer 26

immediately after S2

Question 27

occurs at end of diastole, at presystole, when ventricles resistant to filling

Answer 27

fourth heart sound S4

Question 28

S4 occurs:

Answer 28

just before S1

Question 29

gentle, blowing, swooshing sound that can be heard on chest wall

Answer 29

murmurs

Question 30

conditions that can result in murmurs (3)

Answer 30

- velocity of blood increases - velocity of blood decreases - structural defects in valves

Question 31

All heart sounds are described by:

Answer 31

frequency/pitch intensity/loudness duration timing

Question 32

heart contracts in response to:

Answer 32

electrical current conveyed by a conduction system

Question 33

electric impulse that conducts heart comes from

Answer 33

SA node near superior vena cava

Question 34

wave that represents depolarization of the atria

Answer 34

P wave

Question 35

complex that represents depolarization of ventricles

Answer 35

QRS complex

Question 36

represents depolarization of ventricles

Answer 36

T wave

Question 37

heart normally pumps between _________ blood per minute throughout body

Answer 37

4-6 L

Question 38

venous return that builds during diastole

Answer 38

preload

Question 39

Frank-Starling law

Answer 39

greater the stretch, the stronger the hearts contraction

Question 40

opposing pressure ventricle must generate to open aortic valve against higher aortic pressure

Answer 40

afterload

Question 41

2 main neck vessels

Answer 41

- carotid artery | - jugular venous

Question 42

presence of _____ and ______ dysrhythmias increase with age

Answer 42

supra ventricular and ventricular

Question 43

accounts for about half of deaths of older people

Answer 43

coronary artery disease

Question 44

equipment for exam

Answer 44

stethoscope

Question 45

location of aortic area

Answer 45

right side, sternal edge, 2nd intercostal space

Question 46

location of pulmonic area

Answer 46

left side, sternal edge, 2nd intercostal space

Question 47

location of herbs point

Answer 47

left side, sternal edge, 3rd intercostal space

Question 48

location of tricuspid area

Answer 48

left side, sternal edge, 5th intercostal space

Question 49

location of mitral area

Answer 49

left side, midclavicular line, 5th intercostal space

Question 50

aging adults (4)

Answer 50

- rise in systolic blood pressure - left ventricular wall thickness increases - presence of supra ventricular and ventricular dysrhythmias - age related ECG changes

Question 51

pulmonary causes of chest pain (3)

Answer 51

- pulmonary embolism - pneumonia - pneumothorax

Question 52

gastrointestinal causes of chest pain (4)

Answer 52

- gastroesophageal reflux - esophageal spasm - cholecystis - pancreatitis

Question 53

dermatologic causes of chest pain

Answer 53

herpes zoster

Question 54

musculoskeletal/neurologic causes of chest pain

Answer 54

- costochondritis | - chest wall muscle strain

Question 55

psychogenic causes of chest pain

Answer 55

depression and anxiety