Thorax and Breathing Flashcards
where is the base and apex of the lungs
base - diaphragm
apex - just above clavicles
hilum of lung
where the primary bronchi and all blood vessels enter and leave
the right and left hilum are arranged differently
How many lobes do the right and left lungs have and why
right - 3
left - 2 - due to space taken up by heart
What fissures separate the lung lobes
left lung lobes separated by oblique fissure
right lobes separated by oblique fissure and horizontal
pulmonary ligament
two layered fold of pleura that surrounds lung hilum
extends to base of lung
pleura
pair of serous membranes that line the thorax and envelope the lungs
layers of pleura
parietal - lines whole of thoracic cavity, adheres to internal surface of ribs and superior surface of diaphragm
visceral - lies against the parietal pleura and covers the outer surface of the lungs
pleural fluid
found in space between parietal and visceral pleura and prevents friction
internal vs external intercostal muscles
internal - depress ribs (expiration)
external - elevate ribs (inspiration)
what does the diaphragm muscle do
enlarges thorax by contracting and moving downwards
quadratus lumborum
muscle that depresses the last rib
what accessory muscles can be used in forced inspiration
sternocleidomastoid
scalene muslces
pectoralis major
