Control of Breathing Flashcards
eupnea
normal breathing
dyspea
difficulty breathing
what receptors send neural signal to the brain regarding breathing
chemoreceptors - provide feedback on blood pH, PCO2 and PO2
mechanoreceptors - feedback on mechanical state of lungs, chest wall and airways
what does the brain send neural signals to in regards to breathing
respiratory muscles - e.g diaphragm
upper airway muscles - pharynx, tongue etc
reflexes - e.g to cough to keep airways clear
where are the neurons that control breathing found
the medulla (part of the brainstem)
where are peripheral chemoreceptors found
located at the same areas as baroreceptors e.g aortic arch and carotid sinus
what are peripheral chemoreceptors
sensory nerve endings huddles around vessels
where is info from peripheral chemoreceptors sent
to the NTS (nucleus in the brainstem) via the glossopharyngeal nerve (CN IX) from the carotid sinus and the vagus nerve (CN X) from the aortic arch
at what partial pressure of oxygen to peripheral chemoreceptors activate
when it drops to around 60 mmHg
where are central chemoreceptors located
brainstem
when are central chemoreceptors activated
When they detect an increase in PCO2 or pH decreases in the brain blood
how are mechanoreceptors activated
inflation of the lungs
where do mechanoreceptors send signals
to the NTS via the vagus nerve
respiratory pattern generating neurons
found in the brainstem
modulated based on info coming from the NTS
respiratory rythm generating neurons
found in the brainstem
control respiratory rate and can fire constantly from birth to death
