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Respiratory System BDS1 > Thorax and Breathing > Flashcards

Thorax and Breathing Flashcards

1
Q

what vertebrae is the position of the thorax at?

A

T1-T12

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2
Q

what is the thorax composed of?

A

rib cage, muscles, sternum, heart, lungs, pleura, blood vessels, nerves

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3
Q

what is the central portion of the thorax?

A

mediastinum

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4
Q

which ribs are true ribs and why?

A

1-7 because they join straight onto costal cartilage

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5
Q

which ribs are false ribs and why?

A

8-10 as they join onto common cartilage and then costal cartilage

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6
Q

which ribs are floating ribs?

A

11-12

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7
Q

what nerve controls the diaphragm?

A

phrenic nerve

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8
Q

what does the diaphragm close?

A

the inferior thoracic aperture

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9
Q

what is the pleural cavity?

A

the chest cavity

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10
Q

why is the medial surface slightly concave?

A

allows for other viscera to fit in thorax

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11
Q

where do the primary bronchi and blood vessels enter the lungs?

A

at the hilum

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12
Q

what is the hilum?

A

a gateway for all the blood vessels and nerves to enter and leave

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13
Q

whereabouts is the apex of the lung?

A

above the clavicle

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14
Q

why is there only 2 lobes on the left lung but 3 on the right?

A

the heart sits on the left hand side

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15
Q

what are the lungs separated by?

A

oblique fissures in the left lung and oblique and horizontal fissures in the right lung

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16
Q

what do fissures in the lungs do?

A

increase the surface area

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17
Q

what are the parts of the right lung?

A

oblique fissure, superior lobe, middle lobe, inferior lobe, horizontal fissure

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18
Q

where does the pulmonary artery sit on the left lung?

A

towards the top

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19
Q

what is the costal border?

A

where the lungs join to the ribs at the front

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20
Q

what is the posterior border?

A

where the lungs join to the ribs at the back

21
Q

what does the parietal pleura do?

A

lines the whole of the thoracic cavity, adheres to internal surface of the ribs and superior face of the diaphragm, partitions off the mediastinum

22
Q

what does the visceral pleura do?

A

lies against the parietal pleura and covers the outer surface of the lung

23
Q

what does pleural fluid do?

A

ensures there is no friction between the two layers

24
Q

where is the pleural fluid?

A

in the space between the parietal and visceral pleura

25
Q

what is a costodiaphragmatic recess?

A

a space at the bottom where fluid can collect

26
Q

what do internal intercostal muscles do?

A

depress ribs

27
Q

what do external intercostal muscles do?

A

elevate ribs

28
Q

what is the function of the diaphragm?

A

to enlarge the thorax as it contracts and moves downwards

29
Q

what does the quadratus lumborum do?

A

depresses the last rib

30
Q

posteriorly, where do the blood vessels of the thorax come from?

A

aorta

31
Q

anteriorly, where do the blood vessels of the thorax come from?

A

internal thoracic artery

32
Q

what is the venous supply to the thorax?

A

intercostal vein

33
Q

what is the arterial supply to the thorax?

A

intercostal artery

34
Q

what is the nerve that supplies the thorax?

A

intercostal nerve

35
Q

why does the aorta not go through the diaphragm?

A

so it is not squished during contractions

36
Q

name the accessory muscles used in respiration

A

sternocleidomastoid, scalene muscles, pectoralis major

37
Q

what does the sternocleidomastoid do if it is needed in respiration?

A

raise the clavicle in forced inspiration

38
Q

what does the scalene muscles do if they are needed in respiration?

A

raise the first rib in forced inspiration

39
Q

what does the pectoralis major do if it is needed in respiration?

A

widen the thorax in forced inspiration

40
Q

when are the accessory muscles used?

A

when people have chronic respiratory problems

41
Q

what does contraction of the diaphragm produce?

A

quiet inspiration

42
Q

where are external intercostal muscles used?

A

in forced inspiration e.g. illness/sport

43
Q

what does the diaphragm do during quiet inspiration?

A

it moves downwards increasing the capacity of the thoracic cavity

44
Q

what do the inspiratory muscles do during expiration?

A

relax causing a decrease in size of the thorax

45
Q

what does the diaphragm do during expiration?

A

moves upwards

46
Q

what do the internal intercostal muscles do during expiration?

A

move the ribcage downwards

47
Q

what do the ribs do during inspiration?

A

swing forwards and upwards to increase the chest capacity front to back

48
Q

what is the blood air barrier composed of?

A

capillary endothelium-basement membrane. interstitial space (varies), basement membrane of alveolus, alveolar epithelium

Respiratory System BDS1 (8 decks)

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