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Respiratory System BDS1 > Respiratory Tract > Flashcards

Respiratory Tract Flashcards

1
Q

what is the purpose of the respiratory tract?

A

process of respiration

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2
Q

what are the 2 components of the respiratory tract?

A

upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract

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3
Q

what are the parts of the upper respiratory tract?

A

nose, paranasal sinuses, mouth, throat/pharynx and larynx

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4
Q

what are the external parts of the nose?

A

nares, skin, muscle, bone and hyaline cartilage

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5
Q

what is the external portion of the nose lined with?

A

mucous membranes

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6
Q

what opens into the internal portion of the nose?

A

ducts from paranasal sinuses and the nasolacrimal duct

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7
Q

what is the external nasal epithelium?

A

skin with hair and keratin

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8
Q

what is the epithelium of the respiratory segment of the nose?

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium

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9
Q

what is the epithelium of the olfactory segment of the nose?

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar epithelium and olfactory receptors

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10
Q

what are the functions of the nose?

A

warms and filters the air, sense of smell, vocal resonance and modification of speech

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11
Q

what is the function of the paranasal sinuses?

A

vocal resonance and modification of speech

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12
Q

what is the function of the concahe/turbinates?

A

increase the surface area

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13
Q

where are the paranasal sinuses?

A

beside the nose and within the skull and face

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14
Q

what is the purpose of the sinuses?

A

to make the skull lighter

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15
Q

name the sinuses

A

frontal, ethmoid, sphenoid and maxillary

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16
Q

where are the frontal sinuses?

A

above the eye sockets

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17
Q

where are the ethmoid sinuses?

A

between the eyesockets

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18
Q

where are the sphenoid sinuses?

A

behind the ethmoid sinuses

19
Q

where are the maxillary sinuses?

A

above the upper 6

20
Q

what does fistula mean?

A

abnormal communication between 2 epithelial lined surfaces

21
Q

what is the pharynx?

A

muscular tube from the base of the skull to oesophagus

22
Q

what does the pharynx do?

A

conducts air and directs food to oesophagus

23
Q

what are the 3 parts of the pharynx?

A

nasopharynx, oropharynx and laryngopharynx

24
Q

where is the sphenoid sinus in relation to the pharynx?

A

at the top of the pharynx

25
Q

what are the parts of the lower respiratory tract?

A

layrnx, trachea, right and left bronchi, lungs and blood-air barrier

26
Q

what is the larynx?

A

the voicebox and where the adams apple is

27
Q

how does the larynx act as a sphincter?

A

it directs food one way and air the other way

28
Q

what is the function of the larynx?

A

to generate sound

29
Q

how many cartilages are in the larynx?

A

9

30
Q

what are the different cartilages in the larynx?

A

thyroid, cricoid, arytenoid, corniculate, cuneiform and epiglottis

31
Q

what is special about the cricoid cartilage?

A

it is the only cartilage to form a complete circle

32
Q

why are most cartilages a half circle?

A

because the oesophagus is behind it

33
Q

what does oedema mean?

A

swelling

34
Q

what vertebrae does the larynx associate with?

A

C3-C6

35
Q

where does the trachea begin with relation to vertebrae?

A

C6 (lower cricoid)

36
Q

what is the wall of the trachea composed of?

A

fibrous tissue

37
Q

what is the function of cartilage in the airway?

A

maintains patent airway

38
Q

what is in place of cartilage at the back of the trachea?

A

smooth muscle called trachealis

39
Q

what is the difference between a tracheostomy and a cricothyrotomy?

A

a tracheostomy is more long term than a cricothyrotomy

40
Q

what is the difference between the right and left bronchi?

A

the right is vertical with a greater diameter and is also shorter than the left bronchus. The left is curved and longer than the right bronchus

41
Q

if you were to accidentally inhale an object what bronchus is it most likely to go down and why?

A

the right because it is vertical

42
Q

what is the epithelium in the bronchi?

A

ciliated pseudostratified columnar

43
Q

what is special about the right lung and bronchi?

A

there is a superior, inferior AND middle bronchus

44
Q

what produces surfactant?

A

type 2 penumocytes

Respiratory System BDS1 (8 decks)

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