thorax and breathing

Question 1

what is the thorax composed of?

Answer 1

• ribcage and muscles
• sternum
• thoracic vertebrae

Question 2

what does the thorax contain?

Answer 2

• heart
• lungs
• pleura
• BVs
• nerves

Question 3

what is the central portion of the thorax called?

Answer 3

mediastinum

Question 4

where do the lungs extend from and to?

Answer 4

from the diaphragm to the point above the clavicles

Question 5

the lungs lie against what posteriorly and anteriorly?

Answer 5

ribs

Question 6

the medial surface of the lungs is slightly concave, what is the function of this?

Answer 6

allow for other viscera to fit in the thorax

Question 7

what enters the lungs at the hilum?

Answer 7

primary bronchi and blood vessels

Question 8

what separates the lobes of the lungs on the left and right lung?

Answer 8

oblique fissure

Question 9

what is the top of the lungs called?

Answer 9

apex

Question 10

name the lobes of right lung?

Answer 10

• upper
• middle
• lower

Question 11

name the lobes of the left lung

Answer 11

• upper

- lower

Question 12

what separates the lobes of the lungs on the right side only?

Answer 12

horizontal fissure

Question 13

is the base of the lung at the front or back?

Answer 13

back

Question 14

the groove in the lungs is known as what?

Answer 14

aortic impression

Question 15

what surface of the lungs joins them to the ribs?

Answer 15

costal surface

Question 16

what surface of the lungs joins them to the diaphragm?

Answer 16

inferior surface

Question 17

what separates the pleural cavity and the mediastinum?

Answer 17

parietal pleura

Question 18

which pleura lines the whole of the thoracic cavity?

Answer 18

parietal pleura

Question 19

where does the parietal pleura adhere to?

Answer 19

internal surface of ribs and superior face of diaphragm

Question 20

where does the visceral pleura lie?

Answer 20

against the parietal pleura, covering the outer surface of the lungs

Question 21

the space between the partial and visceral pleura contains what?

Answer 21

pleural fluid

Question 22

what is the function of pleural fluid?

Answer 22

prevent friction

Question 23

a space in the thoracic cavity not filled by lungs is known as what?

Answer 23

costodiaphragmatic recess

Question 24

what are the muscles of the thorax important for?

Answer 24

respiration

Question 25

which muscles depress the ribs?

Answer 25

internal intercostals

Question 26

which muscles elevate the ribs?

Answer 26

external intercostals

Question 27

which muscle enlarges the thorax as it contracts and moves down?

Answer 27

diaphragm

Question 28

which muscle depresses the last rib at the back?

Answer 28

quadratus lumborum

Question 29

where does the aorta sit own relation to the diaphragm?

Answer 29

behind the diaphragm

Question 30

which muscle raises the clavicle in forced inspiration?

Answer 30

sternocleidomastoid

Question 31

which muscle raises the first rib on forced inspiration?

Answer 31

scalene muscle

Question 32

which muscle helps widen the thorax in forced inspiration?

Answer 32

pectoralis major

Question 33

contraction of the diaphragm alone produces which type of inspiration ?

Answer 33

quite inspiration

Question 34

during quiet inspiration, which muscles help the diaphragm?

Answer 34

external intercostals

Question 35

what happens to the inspiratory muscles during expiration?

Answer 35

they relax, decreasing the size of the thorax

Question 36

does the diaphragm move up or down during inspiration?

Answer 36

down

Question 37

does the diaphragm move up or down during expiration?

Answer 37

up

Question 38

what is the blood-air barrier composed of?

Answer 38

• basement membrane of capillary endothelium
• interstitial space
• basement membrane of alveolus
• alveolar epithelium