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respiratory mechanisms Flashcards

1
Q

respiration has 2 meanings, what are they?

A

breathing and aerobic metabolism

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2
Q

what do lungs bring in?

A

fresh air rich in oxygen

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3
Q

what do lungs expel?

A

waste CO2

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4
Q

what is peripheral circulation?

A

deoxygenated blood from capillaries to heart

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5
Q

what is pulmonary circulation?

A

deoxygenated blood away from R ventricle to lungs then back to heart as oxygenated blood

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6
Q

why is respiratory mechanism important?

A

understand how lungs work normally and in diseased states

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7
Q

what is the route of air flow from external environment to the lungs?

A

nasal cavity, pharynx, larynx, Trachea, bronchi, lungs, alveoli

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8
Q

what is the function of the nasal cavity/paranasal sinuses in respiration?

A

filter, warm and humidify air

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9
Q

what is the function of the pharynx in respiration?

A

conduct air to larynx

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10
Q

what is the function of the larynx in respiration?

A

protect opening of trachea and contains vocal chords and epiglottis

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11
Q

what is the function of the trachea in respiration?

A

filter air, trap particles in mucus, cartilages keep airway open

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12
Q

what is the function of the bronchi in respiration?

A

same as trachea (filter air, trap particles in mucus)

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13
Q

what is the function of the bronchi in respiration?

A

responsible for air movement, include airway and alveoli

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14
Q

what is the function of the alveoli in respiration?

A

site of gas exchange between air and blood

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15
Q

what is the function of the upper airway in relation got respiration?

A

conduct air to lung, humidify, warm, filter

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16
Q

the upper airway to bronchioles is lined by which epithelium?

A

pseudo-stratified ciliated columnar

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17
Q

is quiet inspiration active or passive?

A

active

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18
Q

what happens to the thorax during quiet inspiration?

A
  • diaphragm contracts downwards pushing abdominal contents out
  • external intercostal muscles (between ribs) pull ribs out and up
  • pleural cavity volume increases
  • pressure outside exceeds pressure inside so air flows into lungs
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19
Q

what happens to the thorax during quiet expiration?

A
  • due to increased volume of thoracic cavity during inspiration, pressure inside increases, exceeding the pressure outside
  • air flows out of lungs and diaphragm and external intercostal relax
20
Q

is quiet expiration active or passive?

21
Q

is strenuous inspiration active or passive?

22
Q

is strenuous expiration active or passive?

23
Q

internal intercostal muscles are only active during which type of respiration?

24
Q

what happens during strenuous inspiration?

A
  • greater contraction of diaphragm and external intercostal

- inspiratory accessory muscles active (alae nasi, sternocleiodomastoid, genioglossus)

25
Q

what happens during strenuous expiration?

A
  • abdominal muscles contract (rectus abdominus, internal oblique, external oblique, traverse abdominus)
  • internal intercostals oppose external intercostals by pushing ribs down and in
26
Q

what is the major respiratory muscle?

27
Q

how are lung pressure and volume related?

28
Q

what is intrapulmonary pressure?

A

pressure within the lungs

29
Q

during inspiration, intrapulmonary pressure is?

A

less than atmospheric (0)

30
Q

during expiration, intrapulmonary pressure is?

A

greater than atmospheric

31
Q

what is intrapleural pressure?

A

pressure within the pleural cavity

32
Q

intrapleural pressure is always?

33
Q

intrapleural pressure is more negative during which, inspiration or expiration?

A

invitation

34
Q

what is tidal volume?

A

air vol delivery to lungs

35
Q

tidal volume increases with?

A

inhalation

36
Q

tidal volume decreases with?

A

exhalation

37
Q

why is higher intensity breathing less efficient?

A

gas flow is turbulent and it uses more muscles

38
Q

what is functional residual capacity (FRC)?

A

vol of air in the lungs at end of expiration during quiet breathing

39
Q

elastic recoil forces of lung have what effect on lung vol?

40
Q

outwards recoil of chest wall has what effect on lug vol?

41
Q

at FRC, which two forces are opposite and equal?

A

elastic recoil of lung and outwards recoil of chest wall

42
Q

what happens to RFC when chest wall muscles are weak?

43
Q

how can lung volumes be measured?

A

vitalograpgh, spirograoh

44
Q

What is forced vital capacity (FVC)?

A

amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled from the lungs after taking deepest breath possible

45
Q

what is forced expiratory volume in 1 sec (FEV1)?

A

amount of air that can be forcibly exhaled in 1st second of forced exhalation

46
Q

what is the ratio of FEV1/FVC for a healthy individual?

respiratory system 1 (6 decks)

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