respirator tract Flashcards
the respiratory tract is divided into 2 parts, what are these?
upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract
what is the border between the upper and lower respiratory tract?
larynx
what is contained within the upper respiratory tract?
- nose
- paranasal sinuses
- mouth (& tonsils)
- throat/pharynx
- larynx
what tissues does the nose contain?
skin, muscle, bone and hyaline cartilage
what is the external portion of the nose lined by?
mucous membrane
which 2 ducts often open in the internal portion of the nose?
paranasal sinus ducts and nasolacrimal duct
which part of the nose is the external part?
outer nose and nares (norstrils)
what does the inner portion of the nose refer to?
nasal cavity
what is the function of the nasal septum and what is it made from?
separates nasal cavity into 2 nostrils
made of bone and cartilage
which region of the nose is responsible for smell?
superior posterior
what are conchae?
folds of cartilage in the upper chamber of the nose that increase SA
which cranial nerve is the only one capable of regenerating?
olfactory
the nose can be divided into 2 segments, the respiratory segment and the olfactory segment, what type of epithelium lines the respiratory segment?
ciliated pseudostratified columnar
the nose can be divided into 2 segments, the respiratory segment and the olfactory segment, what type of epithelium lines the olfactory segment?
ciliated pseudo stratified columnar and olfactory receptors
what is another name given to conchae?
turbinates
what is the function of conchae?
warm and filter air
what is the function of the nose as a whole?
- breathing
- smelling
- warm and filtering air
what is the function of the paranasal sinuses?
vocal resonance and modification of speech
what are paranasal sinuses?
air filled spaces within bones of skull and face
in which region of the face is the maxillary sinus?
under the eye around the cheekbones
Paranasal sinuses are a group of four paired air-filled spaces that surround the nasal cavity, name them and state where they are
- paranasal sinuses (under eye)
- frontal sinuses (above eye between eyebrows)
- ethmoid sinuses (between eyes)
- sphenoidal sinuses (behind eyes)
the maxillary sinuses drain into what structure?
nose
the roots of which teeth are close to the paranasal sinus?
upper 6 and 7
abnormal communication between the nose and mouth is known as what?
oral-antral fistula
what is the definition of a fistula?
abnormal communication between 2 epithelial lined organs that do not normally communicate
what is the pharynx?
muscular tube running from base of skull to oesophagus
what is the function of the pharynx
movement of food from mouth to oesophagus and conducts air
what is contained within the lower respiratory tract?
- larynx
- trachea
- right and left bronchus
- lungs
- blood-air barrier
what is the larynx commonly known as?
voice box
the larynx lies within which cervical region?
C3-6
the larynx opens and closes things, it is therefore said to act as what?
sphincter
which region the respiratory tract is the hyoid bone in and what is its function?
larynx - open airway
what is tissue is the adams apple ?
thyroid cartilage
what are the vocal cords attached to?
thyroid cartilage (adams apple)
what is the name of the cartilage found in the larynx which is the only one to form a complete ring round the larynx?
cricoid cartilage
what is the epiglottis?
flap in the throat that keeps food from entering the windpipe and the lungs
the larynx contains 2 folds of mucous membrane, what are these?
- vocal fold
- vestibular fold (false vocal cord)
which fold sits higher, vocal or vestibular?
vestibular
what is cricothyroidotomy?
an incision made through the skin and cricothyroid membrane to establish a patent airway during certain life-threatening situations
what is the trachea composed of?
fibrous tissue
what is the tracheas function?
maintain patent airway
the trachea contains no cartilage posteriorly, the posterior part is composed of what?
smooth muscle
what is a tracheotomy?
opening created at the front of the neck so a tube can be inserted into the windpipe
describe the right bronchi
- more straight than left
- runs vertically
- greater diameter than left
- shorter than left
both left and right bronchi divide further into what?
superior and inferior lobe bronchus
how many lobes does the right lung have?
3
how many lobes does the left lung have?
2
where in the gas exchange region of the lungs?
blood air barrier
