respirator tract

Question 1

the respiratory tract is divided into 2 parts, what are these?

Answer 1

upper respiratory tract and lower respiratory tract

Question 2

what is the border between the upper and lower respiratory tract?

Answer 2

larynx

Question 3

what is contained within the upper respiratory tract?

Answer 3

• nose
• paranasal sinuses
• mouth (& tonsils)
• throat/pharynx
• larynx

Question 4

what tissues does the nose contain?

Answer 4

skin, muscle, bone and hyaline cartilage

Question 5

what is the external portion of the nose lined by?

Answer 5

mucous membrane

Question 6

which 2 ducts often open in the internal portion of the nose?

Answer 6

paranasal sinus ducts and nasolacrimal duct

Question 7

which part of the nose is the external part?

Answer 7

outer nose and nares (norstrils)

Question 8

what does the inner portion of the nose refer to?

Answer 8

nasal cavity

Question 9

what is the function of the nasal septum and what is it made from?

Answer 9

separates nasal cavity into 2 nostrils

made of bone and cartilage

Question 10

which region of the nose is responsible for smell?

Answer 10

superior posterior

Question 11

what are conchae?

Answer 11

folds of cartilage in the upper chamber of the nose that increase SA

Question 12

which cranial nerve is the only one capable of regenerating?

Answer 12

olfactory

Question 13

the nose can be divided into 2 segments, the respiratory segment and the olfactory segment, what type of epithelium lines the respiratory segment?

Answer 13

ciliated pseudostratified columnar

Question 14

the nose can be divided into 2 segments, the respiratory segment and the olfactory segment, what type of epithelium lines the olfactory segment?

Answer 14

ciliated pseudo stratified columnar and olfactory receptors

Question 15

what is another name given to conchae?

Answer 15

turbinates

Question 16

what is the function of conchae?

Answer 16

warm and filter air

Question 17

what is the function of the nose as a whole?

Answer 17

• breathing
• smelling
• warm and filtering air

Question 18

what is the function of the paranasal sinuses?

Answer 18

vocal resonance and modification of speech

Question 19

what are paranasal sinuses?

Answer 19

air filled spaces within bones of skull and face

Question 20

in which region of the face is the maxillary sinus?

Answer 20

under the eye around the cheekbones

Question 21

Paranasal sinuses are a group of four paired air-filled spaces that surround the nasal cavity, name them and state where they are

Answer 21

• paranasal sinuses (under eye)
• frontal sinuses (above eye between eyebrows)
• ethmoid sinuses (between eyes)
• sphenoidal sinuses (behind eyes)

Question 22

the maxillary sinuses drain into what structure?

Answer 22

nose

Question 23

the roots of which teeth are close to the paranasal sinus?

Answer 23

upper 6 and 7

Question 24

abnormal communication between the nose and mouth is known as what?

Answer 24

oral-antral fistula

Question 25

what is the definition of a fistula?

Answer 25

abnormal communication between 2 epithelial lined organs that do not normally communicate

Question 26

what is the pharynx?

Answer 26

muscular tube running from base of skull to oesophagus

Question 27

what is the function of the pharynx

Answer 27

movement of food from mouth to oesophagus and conducts air

Question 28

what is contained within the lower respiratory tract?

Answer 28

• larynx
• trachea
• right and left bronchus
• lungs
• blood-air barrier

Question 29

what is the larynx commonly known as?

Answer 29

voice box

Question 30

the larynx lies within which cervical region?

Answer 30

C3-6

Question 31

the larynx opens and closes things, it is therefore said to act as what?

Answer 31

sphincter

Question 32

which region the respiratory tract is the hyoid bone in and what is its function?

Answer 32

larynx - open airway

Question 33

what is tissue is the adams apple ?

Answer 33

thyroid cartilage

Question 34

what are the vocal cords attached to?

Answer 34

thyroid cartilage (adams apple)

Question 35

what is the name of the cartilage found in the larynx which is the only one to form a complete ring round the larynx?

Answer 35

cricoid cartilage

Question 36

what is the epiglottis?

Answer 36

flap in the throat that keeps food from entering the windpipe and the lungs

Question 37

the larynx contains 2 folds of mucous membrane, what are these?

Answer 37

• vocal fold

- vestibular fold (false vocal cord)

Question 38

which fold sits higher, vocal or vestibular?

Answer 38

vestibular

Question 39

what is cricothyroidotomy?

Answer 39

an incision made through the skin and cricothyroid membrane to establish a patent airway during certain life-threatening situations

Question 40

what is the trachea composed of?

Answer 40

fibrous tissue

Question 41

what is the tracheas function?

Answer 41

maintain patent airway

Question 42

the trachea contains no cartilage posteriorly, the posterior part is composed of what?

Answer 42

smooth muscle

Question 43

what is a tracheotomy?

Answer 43

opening created at the front of the neck so a tube can be inserted into the windpipe

Question 44

describe the right bronchi

Answer 44

• more straight than left
• runs vertically
• greater diameter than left
• shorter than left

Question 45

both left and right bronchi divide further into what?

Answer 45

superior and inferior lobe bronchus

Question 46

how many lobes does the right lung have?

Answer 46

3

Question 47

how many lobes does the left lung have?

Answer 47

2

Question 48

where in the gas exchange region of the lungs?

Answer 48

blood air barrier