Thorax and Abdomen Week 2 Flashcards
Function of Throacic walls
Protection of heart and lungs, Respiration
Elements of thoracic walls
Ribs, Costal Cartilage, Sternum, Thoracic Vertebrae
Unique features of 1st rib
shorter and flatter
unique features of 2nd rib
thinner/longer than 1st, rough area on superior surface for serratus anterior
features of 11th and 12th ribs
shorter, floating, no costal cartilage or tubercle
Ribs site of articulation with vertebrae
Superior/Inferior facets
Three components of sternum
Manubrium, Body, Xiphoid Process
Which ribs connect to sternum via costal notches`
Ribs 1-7
Costal Margin
Inferior border of thoracic cage
Sternocostal joints classification
Mostly synovial
Costochondral joint classification
Cartilaginous
Interchondral joint classification
Cartilaginous
Costovertebral joint classification/subcategories
Synovial (Joint of head of rib, costotransverse)
Movements of thoracic wall
Inspiration/Expiration
Bucket Handle
(Normal breathing), ribs move in bucket handle motion, increase lateral dimension of ribcage
Pump Handle
Movement of sternum when breathing, increases vertical dimension of ribcage
Costotransverse Joint Function
Allows rotation around axis (bucket handle movement), allows up/down movement of rib
What prevents posterior movement of rib
Transverse process
Minor Inspiration Muscles
Intercostals, Serratus Posterior superior, Serratus posterior Inferior, Levator Costarum
Diaphragm Attachments
S: Inner border of costal margin, posterior abdominal wall, superior lumbar vertebrae
D: Central tendon
Diaphragm A/NS
A: Increase vertical dimension of throax
NS: Phrenic Nerve (c3-c5)
Phrenic Nerve Source
C3-C5
Passive Mechanisms of Quiet Respiration
Elastic recoil of lung when diaphragm relaxed
Visceral contents move superiorly when diaphragm relaxes
Three Types of Intercostals
External, Internal, Innermost
IC Attachments
S: Inferior border of superior ribs
I: Superior border of inferior ribs
Intercostals A/NS
A: Majority of fibres elevate ribs during inspiration
NS: Intercostal nerve
Serratus Posterior Superior Function
Inspiration/Proprioception
Serratus Posterior Inferior Fuction
Forced expiration, Proprioception
Levator Costarum Fuction
Inspiration
Inspiration Mechanisms (2)
Bucket Handle, Diaphragm
Rectus Abdominis Attachments
S: Xiphoid Process, Costal Cartilages of Ribs 5-7
I: Pubic Symphysis, Pubic Crest
Rectus Abdominis Action, Function, NS
A: Trunk Flexion, Compress abdominal viscera
F: Stabilise pelvic tilt
NS: Thoraco-Abdominal Nerve
External Oblique Attachments
L: External surface of ribs 5-12
M: Linea Alba, Pubic Tubercle, Lateral inguinal ligament, anterior iliac crest
External Oblique A/NS
A: Trunk flexion/rotation, compress/ support abdominal viscera
NS: Thoraco-Abdominal
Internal Oblique Attachments
L: Thoracolumbar fascia, Anterior Iliac Crest, Lateral Inguinal Ligament
M: Inferior border ribs 10-12, Linea alba, pecten pubis via conjoint tendon
Internal Oblique A/NS
A: Trunk flexion/rotation, compress/support abdominal viscera
NS: thoraco-abdominal nerve, 1st lumbar nerve
Transverse Abdominis Att.
L: Lateral inguinal ligament, interior anterior iliac crest, thoracolumbar fascia, lower 6 costal cartilages
M: Linea alba, aponeurosis of internal oblique, pubic crest, pecten pubis via conjoint tendon
Transverse Abdominis A/NS
A: Compress and support abdominal viscera
NS: Thoraco-Abdominal nerve, 1st lumbar nerve
Linea Abla
Tendon between rectus abdominis
Muscle Action in Trunk Lat. Fexion
Ipsilateral contraction of internal/external obliques
Muscle Action in Trunk Rotation
Ipsilateral contraction of internal oblique
Contralateral contraction of external oblique
Other Ab Muscle Actions
Forced Expiration (coughing, sneezing)
Vomiturition
Defecation
Flatus
Micturition (Urination)
Parturition (childbirth)
