Spine - Contractile (Week 4) Flashcards
Extrinsic Back Muscles
Latissimus Dorsi, Trapezius, Levator Scapulae, Rhomboids (Thoracolumbar Fascia)
General anchored attachments of muscles of spine
Pelvis
Overall Function of Intrinsic Superficial/Intermediate Back Muscles
Angular Movements, Can apply compressive force to IVJs and facets, produce power, resist gravity
Intrinsic Superficial Back Muscles
Splenius Capitis, Cervicis
Splenius Capitis Attachments
D: Mastoid Process, Occiput
P: Lower 1/2 Nuchal ligament, spinous processes of C7-T3/4, supraspinous ligament
Splenius Capitis A/NS
Unilateral: Lateral Flexion, Ipsilateral Rotation
Bilateral: Neck Extension
NS: Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Cervicis Attachments
D: Transverse processes of C1-C3/4
P: Spinous processes of T3/4-T6
Cervicis A/NS
Unilateral: Lateral Flexion, Ipsilateral Rotation
Bilateral: Neck Extension
NS: Posterior rami of spinal nerves
Intrinsic Intermediate Back Muscles
Erector Spinae Group (Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis)
Erector Spinae Group Med. to Lat.
Spinalis, Longissimus, Iliocostalis
Spinalis Regions/Attachments
Regions: Capitus, cervicis, thoracis, spans serveral vertebral segments
D: Upper thoracic spinous processes, cranium
P: supraspinous ligament, lumbar/thoracic spinous processes
Spinalis Action/NS
A: unilateral lat. flexion, bilateral back/neck extension
NS: posterior rami spinal nerves
Longissimus Regions/Att.
Regions: capitis, cervivis, thoracis
D: ribs, mastoid process
P: broad tendon, supraspinous ligament, sacroiliac ligaments, median sacral crest, posterior iliac crest, lumbar/thoracic spinous processes
Longissimus A/NS
Unilateral: lateral flexion
Bilateral: back and neck extension
NS: posterior rami spinal nerves
Iliocostalis Regions/Att.
Regions: cervicis, thoracis, lumborum, spans many vertebral segments
D: angles of ribs, cervical thoracic processes
P: broad tendon, supraspinous ligament, sacroiliac ligaments, median sacral crest, posterior iliac crest, lumbar/thoracic spinous processes
Iliocostalis A/NS
Unilateral: lateral flexion, rotation
Bilateral: back and neck extension
NS: posterior rami spinal nerves
Deep Intrinsic Transversospinalis Muscles
(General Function/Characteristics)
Span from spinous processes to transverse processes
Sits closer to axis of movement, spans lesser segments than erector spinae
More involved in preventing shear/accessory movements
Run in oblique direction
Transversospinalis Group
Semispinalis, Multifidus, Rotatores
Semispinalis Regions/Att.
Regions: capitis, cervicis (well developed), thoracis, spans 4-6 segments
D: occiput, nuchal ligament
P: transverse processes of C4-T12
Semispinalis A/NS
Unilateral: rotation of cervical region
Bilateral: extension of vertebral column
NS: posterior rami spinal neves
Multifidus Regions/Att.
Regions: cervical, thoracic, lumbar (well developed), spans 2-4 segments
D: whole length of spinous processes of vertebrae
P (Lumbar): posterior sacrum, PSIS, erector spinae aponeurosis, sacroiliac ligaments
P (Thoracic): all thoracic transverse processes
P (Cervical): articular processes
Multifius A/NS
A: stabilise vertebrae during local movement of vertebral column/trunk
NS: posterior rami spinal nerves
Rotatores Regions/Att.
Regions: thoracic (well developed), spans 1-2 segments
D: lamina of vertebrae
P: transverse processes of vertebrae below
Rotatores A/NS
A: stabilise vertebrae during local movements of vertebrae/trunk, proprioceptive
NS: posterior rami spinal nerves
Deep Minor Group
Interspinalis, Intertransversarii
Deep Minor Group A/NS
A: stabilise vertebrae
NS: posterior rami of spinal nerves
General Function of Superficial, Intermediate, Deep Intrinsic Back Muscles
Superficial: Acts on head and neck
Intermediate: Global movements of vertebral column
Deep: local movements and postural support
Quadratus Lumborum Att.
D: lower border of 12th rib, lumbar transverse processes L1-L4
P: transverse processes L5, posterior iliac crest
Quadratus Lumborum A/NS
NS: Anterior rami spinal nerves T12-L3/4
A: Lateral flexion of spine, fixate 12th rib during respiration
Sternocleidomastoid Att.
S: Mastoid process, occiput
I: Manubrium (anterior superior sternum), medial 1/3 of clavicle
SCM A/NS
Unilateral: Neck lateral flexion, contralateral rotation
Bilateral: neck extension in upright, neck flexion in supine, accessory muscle for inspiration
NS: accessory nerve
Torticollis
contraction or shortening of SCM, can develop in utero due to baby’s sustained head position
Prevertebral Anterior Group
Anterior to spinal column
flexion of neck, flexion of head on neck (yes)
- Rectus Capitus Lateralis
- Rectus Capitis Anterior
- Longus Capitis
- Longus Colli
Prevertebral Lateral Group
Scalenes
Anterior Scalene Att.
S: transverse processes C3-C6
I: 1st rib
Anterior Scalene A/NS
A: flex head, accessory inspiration muscle
NS: anterior rami cervical spinal nerves
Middle Scalene Att.
S: transverse processes C5-C7
I: 1st rib
Middle Scalene A/NS
A: side flexion, accessory muscle of inspiration
NS: anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves
Posterior Scalene Att.
S: transverse processes C5-C7
I: 2nd rib
Posterior Scalene A/NS
A: side flexion, accessory muscle of inspiration
NS: anterior rami of cervical spinal nerves
Deep Suboccipital Group
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor/Major
Obliqius Capitis Superior/Inferior
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor Att.
S: Medial Occiput
I: Atlas (C1)
Rectus Capitis Posterior Minor A/NS
A: Extension of head on atlas
NS: posterior rami of C1
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major Att.
D: lateral occiput
P: axis (C2)
Rectus Capitis Posterior Major A/NS
Unilateral: ipsilateral rotation of head
Bilateral: extension of head
NS: posterior rami of C1
Obliqius Capitis Superior Att.
S: occiput
I: transverse processes of atlas (C1)
Obliqius Capitis Superior A/NS
A: extends head
NS: posterior rami C1
Obliqius Capitis Inferior Att.
S: transverse process atlas (C1)
I: Axis (C2)
Obliqius Capitis Inferior A/NS
Unilateral: turns head ipsialterally (NO)
Bilateral: extends atlas on axis
NS: posterior rami C1
