Possible Exam Questions Flashcards
Pec Major Att.
Proximal:
Clavicular head: medial clavicle
Sternal head: sternum and superior 6
costal cartilages
Distal: lateral lip intertubercular sulcus
humerus
Serratus Anterior Att.
P: ribs 1-8 (Ser8us)
D: medial border of scapula
Rhomboid Major att.
P: spinous processes T2-5
D: medial border of scapula from spine of
scapula to inferior angle
Latissimus Dorsi Att.
P: spinous processes T6-12, thoracolumbar
fascia (TLF), inferior ribs, iliac crest
D: floor of intertubercular sulcus of humerus
Teres Minor Att.
P: middle part lateral border scapula
D: greater tubercle of humerus (inferior)
Infraspinatus Att.
P: infraspinous fossa
D: greater tubercle of humerus (middle)
Supraspinatus Att.
P: supraspinous fossa
D: greater tubercle of humerus (superior)
Subscapularis Att.
P: subscapular fossa
D: lesser tubercle of humerus
Brachioradialis Att.
P: proximal 2/3 of lateral supraepicondylar ridge of humerus
D: lateral distal radius
Pronator Teres Att.
P: medial epicondyle of humerus and coronoid
process of ulna
D: proximal radius
Flexor Pollicus Longus Att
P: anterior surface of radius and IOM
D: palmar surface of base of distal
phalange of 1st digit
Flexor Digi Superficialis Att.
P: medial epicondyle of humerus
D: middle phalanges of digits 2 - 5
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris Att.
P: medial epicondyle of humerus
D: palmar surface of pisiform, hook
of the hamate and base of 5th
metacarpal
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris Att.
P: lateral epicondyle of humerus &
ulna
D: dorsal base of 5th metacarpal
Extensor Digi Att.
P: lateral epicondyle of humerus
D: extensor expansions of digits 2-4
(more on this in the hand lecture)
Extensor Pollicus Brevis Att.
P: posterior radius and IOM
D: dorsal base of proximal phalanx of
1st digit
Pec Major A/NS
Action: Adduction & IR humerus
Clavicular: flexes humerus
Sternal: extends humerus from flexed
position
NS: lateral & medial pectoral nerve
Serratus Anterior A/NS
Action: protract and upwardly rotate
scapula; stabilise scapula against
thoracic wall
NS: Long thoracic nerve
Rhomboid Major A/NS
Action: retract & rotate scapula; fix scapula to
thoracic wall
NS: Dorsal scapular nerve
Latissimus Dorsi A/NS
Action: ADD, EXT, IR of GHJ
* Directly moves arm on GHJ
* Indirectly moves scapula on STJ (Scapulothoracic)
NS: Thoracodorsal nerve
Teres Minor A/NS
Action: external rotation of GHJ
Function: stabilise head of humerus in
glenoid fossa
NS: Axillary nerve
Infraspinatus A/NS
Action: external rotation of GHJ
Function: stabilise head of humerus in
glenoid fossa
NS: Suprascapular nerve
Supraspinatus A/NS
Action: initiates & assists ABD in GHJ
Function: stabilise head of humerus in glenoid
fossa
NS: Suprascapular nerve
Subscapularis A/NS
Action: medial rotation of GHJ
Function: stabilise head of humerus
in glenoid fossa
NS: upper and lower subscapular nerve
Brachioradialis A/NS
Action: elbow flexor (“drinker’s
muscle”)
NS: radial n.
Pronator Teres A/NS
Action: forearm pronation and
elbow flexion
NS: median n.
Flexor Pollicus Longus A/NS
Action: metacarpophalangeal and
interphalangeal flexion of 1st digit
NS: anterior interosseous n
Flexor Digi Superficialis A/NS
Action: flexion at wrist,
metacarpophalangeal and proximal
interphalangeal joints of digits 2 - 5
NS: median n.
Flexor Carpi Ulnaris A/NS
Action: wrist flexion and ulnar
deviation (add)
NS: ulnar n.
Extensor Carpi Ulnaris A/NS
Action: wrist extension and ulnar
deviation (adduction)
NS: (deep branch) of radial n.
Extensor Digi A/NS
Action: wrist, metacarpophalangeal
& interphalangeal joints extension
NS: (deep branch) of radial
Extensor Pollicis Brevis A/NS
Action: 1st digit (thumb) extension
NS: posterior interosseous nerve
(radial n.)
Scalenes Att.
Anterior: C3-6 to 1st rib
Median: C5-7 to 1st rib
Posterior: C5-7 to 2nd rib
All attach onto transverse processes of spine
Scalenes A/NS
NS: anterior rami of spinal nerves C3 to 8
Accessory inspiration muscles
Anterior: Flex Head
Medial/Posterior: Side Flexion of head
Trapezius Att.
P: superior nuchal line, occipital protuberance, nuchal
ligament, spinous process C7 – T12
D: spine of scapula, lateral 1/3 clavicle
Trapezius A/NS
Action: moves scapula
* Descending (Superior, Upper): elevation & upward
rotation
* Middle: retraction
* Ascending (Inferior, Lower): depression & upward
rotation
NS: Accessory nerve
Deltoid Att.
P: 3 heads
1. lateral 1/3 clavicle (anterior),
2. acromion (middle),
3. scapula spine (posterior)
D: deltoid tuberosity of humerus
Deltoid A/NS
Action: ABD (strong), FL, EXT GHJ
Function: resist downward weight of arm.
NS: Axillary Nerve
Biceps Brachii Att.
Proximal:
Long head: supraglenoid tubercle of
the scapula
Short head: coracoid process of
scapula
Distal: radial tuberosity
Biceps Brachii A/NS
Action: forearm supination and elbow
flexion; shoulder flexion
NS: musculocutaneous nerve
Triceps Brachii Att.
Proximal:
Long head: infraglenoid tubercle of scapula
Lateral head: posterior humerus superior to
radial groove
Medial head: posterior humerus inferior to
radial groove
Distal: olecranon process of ulna
Triceps Brachii A/NS
Action: elbow extension
NS: radial n.
Extensor Pollicis Longus Att.
P: posterior surface of ulna and IOM
D: dorsal surface of base of distal
phalange of 1st digit
Extensor Pollicis Longus A/NS
Action: metacarpophalangeal and
interphalangeal flexion of 1st digit
NS: posterior interosseous n.
Lumbricals Att.
P: Flexor Digitorum Profundus Tendon
D: Extensor Expansions
Lumbricals A/NS
A: Metacarpophalangeal Joint Flexion
Interphalangeal Joint Extension
NS: Median (1-2) and Deep Branch of Ulnar Nerve (3-4)
Thenar Muscles/NS
Abductor pollicis brevis
Flexor pollicis brevis
Opponens pollicis
Median Nerve
Midpalmar Muscles NS
Lumbricals 1-2 (M)
Lumbricals 3-4 (U)
Adductor pollicis (M)
Palmar interossei
Dorsal interossei
Median/(Deep Branch) Ulnar Nerve
Hypothenar Muscles/NS
Opponens digiti
Flexor digiti minimi
Abductor digiti minimi
(Deep branch of) Ulnar nerve
