Thorax and Abdomen Flashcards
Organs in the Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)
Liver, Duodenum, pyloris, right kidney, hepatic flexure, portions of the ascending and part of the transverse colon
Organs in the Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)
The tip of the medial liver lobe, spleen, stomach, left kidney, pancreas, splenic flexure, and parts of the transverse and descending colons
Organs in Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)
Appendix, cecum, ascending colon, bladder, right ovary, uterus if enlarged, right spermatic cord, and right ureter
Organs in Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)
Sigmoid colon, descending colon, bladder, left ovary, uterus, left spermatic cord, and left ureter.
Fascia in the abdominal wall is continuous with what fascia in the back
thoracolumbar
Rectus Abdominis
Origin: ribs 5,6,7
Insertion: pubic tubercle
Innervated: Ventral Rami (T8 or T9 to T12)
Function: Trunk Flexion, compresses and supports the abdominal viscera
External Abdominal Oblique
Origin: lower 8 ribs
Insertion: ASIS and pubic tubercle via the ingunial ligament; interdigitate with the serratus anterior
Function: contralateral trunk rotation
External obliques run down and forward (hands in pockets)
Internal Oblique
Will connect to the back of the thoracolumbar fascia
Origin: Inguinal ligament
Insertion: linea alba, lower 4 of 5 ribs
Function: Ipsilateral trunk rotation
What is the deepest muscle in the abdominals?
Transverse Abdominis
Transverse Abdominis
deepest layers of the thoracolumbar fascia and will come forward to pass deep to the rectus abdominis
Function: compresses and supports the abdominal viscera
Will fire first during trunk flexion and extension for stabilization
What is the abdominal vavity lined with
peritoneal lining
omenta
2 greater and lesser omenta associated with the stomach
mesocolon
associated with the large intestine
mesenteries
associated with the small intestine
ligaments are ___ duplications between two organs
peritoneal
When we swallow food travels through our ____ to our ____
esophagus, stomach
Before food enters the stomach it will pass through the ________ between the esophagus and the stomach
cardiac sphincter
From the stomach food will pass through the ____ to the small intestine
pyloric sphincter
Duodenum
a double chamber of the small intestine
2 function of the duodenum
receives input from the pancreas and the liver
liver is primarily in the ___ quadrant but has its left lobe in the ____ quadrant
right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant
Function of the liver
breakdown everything that comes into our system, produce bile
Gallbladder
on top of the liver, stores bile
4 Parts of the Duodenum (C-Shaped Organ)
superior, descending, transverse and ascending
Duodenem connects to the pancrease in the ____ Quadrant via the _______
Left Upper Quadrant, Common Pancreatic Duct
2 types of calls of the pancreas
alpha and beta
alpha cells of the pancrease release
glucagon
beta cells of the pancrease release
insulin
Insulin ___ blood sugar, glucagon ____ blood sugar
decreases, increases
3 parts of small intestine
duodenum, jejunum, ileum
first part of the large intestine
cecum
function of the large intestine
water reabsorption
5 parts of the large intestine
ascending colon (cecum attached here) transverse colon descending colon (LLQ) S-shaped colon (sigmoid) Straight Part (rectum)
Appendix is in the RLQ
Spleen is above the ____ and the _____ organ of the ____ system in the _____ quadrant
duodenum, pancrease, circulatory system, LUQ
Funciton of the spleen
produces and destroys red blood cells
behind the spleen is the ______
Kidneys
function of kidneys
filter blood and pass urine out through the body - long term regulator for blood pressure control
Muscles and Nerves behind the ogans
psoas major, quadrator lumborum femoral and obturate nerves (L2-L4)
Everything in the trunk is ____ innervated
segmentally
External intercostals run ___ and ____
downward and forward
Internal intercostals run ____ and ____
downward and backward
Function of the intercostals
bring ribs closer together
Innermost intercostals run _____ and _____
straight up and down
Transversus Thoracics
Star shaped muscle
Origin: body of the sternum
Insertion: ribs 3,4,5,6
Innervated: Phrenic Nerve c3,c4,c5 (c3,c4,c5 keeps you alive)
Function: pulls ribs down so we use it for forceful exhaling
Diaphram true muscle of respiration separates thoracic from abdominal cavity
Ventilation
air is moving
respiration
exchange of gases at the capillary bed
2 layers of tissue between the lungs and chest wall
partial pleura - covers entire thoracic cavity
visceral pleura- thin lining around lungs only
these are epithelial tissue
4 areas of mediastinum
superior
anterior
middle
posterior
superior mediastinum structures
thymus gland (immune system)
superior vena cava
brachiocephalic veins, brachiocephalic aa
internal jugular veins, common carotid aa
subclavian veins, subclavian arteries
trachea, esophagus
phrenic nerves, vagus nerves
Each brachiocephalic vein is formed from the ___ vein and _____ vein
internal jugular, subclavian
behind great veins are the _____
great arteries
left common carotid, left subclavian
brachiocephalic trunk is on the right
right subclavian, right common carotid
Trachea begins at the ____
cricoid cartilage
Trachea runs down to the ____ where it will split to form the ____ and _____
carina, right and left main stem bronchus
right lung has ____ lobes and left lung has ____ lobes and another piece called the _____
3, 2, lingula
posterior mediastinum
2 vagus nerves
2 phrenic nerves
espophagus
trachea
anterior mediastinum
space between the front of the lungs and the sternum no big structures
middle mediastinum
pericardium and the heart
heart is enclosed by the pericardium
3 primary coronary arteries and what do they do
left anterior descending (LAD)
right anterior descending (RAD_
Circumflex
Supply the heart and myocardium with blood rich in oxygen
blood enters the heart 3 ways
superior vena cava -dumps blood from upper extremity and the head
inferior vena cava- dumps blood from lower extremity, hepatic circulation
cardiac circulation- blood flows through coronary sinus
blood enters the right atrium after going through the _____ valve
thesbian
how does blood travel from the right artium to the right ventricle
via the tricuspid valve
triscupid valve (atrioventricular valve)
right atrium to right ventricle has papillary and chordae tendinae muscle to prevent backflow
From the right ventricle blood passes through ____ and enters ____
pulmonic semilunar valve, pulmonary artery
only artery that will carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs to becomes oxygenated
from the pulmonary artery to the lungs blood goes to the ____
pulmonary vein
(only vein that carry oxygenated blood)
4 pulmonary veins
from the pulmonary vein blood enters the ____
left atrium
left atrium blood passes through the ______ to the left ventricle
biscuspid/mitral valve
from the left ventricle blood passes through ____ to enter circulation
aortic semilunar valve
In diastole the ____ are contracting and the AV valves are _____
atria, open
In systole the ______ are contractng and the AV valve are ________
ventricles, closed
SA Node - function location
controls the cardiac cycle (60-100bpm) - when the SA node depolarizes atria contract
located in the right atrium
Once the atria contract the ____ depolarizes
AV node
AV node function location
depolarization contract ventricles located at the top of the interventricular septum
As the impulse travels down the walls of the ventricles the ______ will begin to depolarize to finsih depolarization of the heart
Purkinjie Fibers
