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Anatomy > Thorax and Abdomen > Flashcards

Thorax and Abdomen Flashcards

1
Q

Organs in the Right Upper Quadrant (RUQ)

A

Liver, Duodenum, pyloris, right kidney, hepatic flexure, portions of the ascending and part of the transverse colon

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2
Q

Organs in the Left Upper Quadrant (LUQ)

A

The tip of the medial liver lobe, spleen, stomach, left kidney, pancreas, splenic flexure, and parts of the transverse and descending colons

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3
Q

Organs in Right Lower Quadrant (RLQ)

A

Appendix, cecum, ascending colon, bladder, right ovary, uterus if enlarged, right spermatic cord, and right ureter

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4
Q

Organs in Left Lower Quadrant (LLQ)

A

Sigmoid colon, descending colon, bladder, left ovary, uterus, left spermatic cord, and left ureter.

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5
Q

Fascia in the abdominal wall is continuous with what fascia in the back

A

thoracolumbar

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6
Q

Rectus Abdominis

A

Origin: ribs 5,6,7
Insertion: pubic tubercle
Innervated: Ventral Rami (T8 or T9 to T12)
Function: Trunk Flexion, compresses and supports the abdominal viscera

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7
Q

External Abdominal Oblique

A

Origin: lower 8 ribs
Insertion: ASIS and pubic tubercle via the ingunial ligament; interdigitate with the serratus anterior
Function: contralateral trunk rotation

External obliques run down and forward (hands in pockets)

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8
Q

Internal Oblique

A

Will connect to the back of the thoracolumbar fascia
Origin: Inguinal ligament
Insertion: linea alba, lower 4 of 5 ribs
Function: Ipsilateral trunk rotation

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9
Q

What is the deepest muscle in the abdominals?

A

Transverse Abdominis

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10
Q

Transverse Abdominis

A

deepest layers of the thoracolumbar fascia and will come forward to pass deep to the rectus abdominis
Function: compresses and supports the abdominal viscera
Will fire first during trunk flexion and extension for stabilization

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11
Q

What is the abdominal vavity lined with

A

peritoneal lining

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12
Q

omenta

A

2 greater and lesser omenta associated with the stomach

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13
Q

mesocolon

A

associated with the large intestine

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14
Q

mesenteries

A

associated with the small intestine

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15
Q

ligaments are ___ duplications between two organs

A

peritoneal

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16
Q

When we swallow food travels through our ____ to our ____

A

esophagus, stomach

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17
Q

Before food enters the stomach it will pass through the ________ between the esophagus and the stomach

A

cardiac sphincter

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18
Q

From the stomach food will pass through the ____ to the small intestine

A

pyloric sphincter

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19
Q

Duodenum

A

a double chamber of the small intestine

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20
Q

2 function of the duodenum

A

receives input from the pancreas and the liver

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21
Q

liver is primarily in the ___ quadrant but has its left lobe in the ____ quadrant

A

right upper quadrant, left upper quadrant

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22
Q

Function of the liver

A

breakdown everything that comes into our system, produce bile

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23
Q

Gallbladder

A

on top of the liver, stores bile

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24
Q

4 Parts of the Duodenum (C-Shaped Organ)

A

superior, descending, transverse and ascending

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25
Q

Duodenem connects to the pancrease in the ____ Quadrant via the _______

A

Left Upper Quadrant, Common Pancreatic Duct

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26
Q

2 types of calls of the pancreas

A

alpha and beta

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27
Q

alpha cells of the pancrease release

A

glucagon

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28
Q

beta cells of the pancrease release

A

insulin

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29
Q

Insulin ___ blood sugar, glucagon ____ blood sugar

A

decreases, increases

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30
Q

3 parts of small intestine

A

duodenum, jejunum, ileum

31
Q

first part of the large intestine

A

cecum

32
Q

function of the large intestine

A

water reabsorption

33
Q

5 parts of the large intestine

A 
ascending colon (cecum attached here)
transverse colon
descending colon (LLQ)
S-shaped colon (sigmoid)
Straight Part (rectum)

Appendix is in the RLQ

34
Q

Spleen is above the ____ and the _____ organ of the ____ system in the _____ quadrant

A

duodenum, pancrease, circulatory system, LUQ

35
Q

Funciton of the spleen

A

produces and destroys red blood cells

36
Q

behind the spleen is the ______

A

Kidneys

37
Q

function of kidneys

A

filter blood and pass urine out through the body - long term regulator for blood pressure control

38
Q

Muscles and Nerves behind the ogans

A

psoas major, quadrator lumborum femoral and obturate nerves (L2-L4)

39
Q

Everything in the trunk is ____ innervated

A

segmentally

40
Q

External intercostals run ___ and ____

A

downward and forward

41
Q

Internal intercostals run ____ and ____

A

downward and backward

42
Q

Function of the intercostals

A

bring ribs closer together

43
Q

Innermost intercostals run _____ and _____

A

straight up and down

44
Q

Transversus Thoracics

A

Star shaped muscle
Origin: body of the sternum
Insertion: ribs 3,4,5,6
Innervated: Phrenic Nerve c3,c4,c5 (c3,c4,c5 keeps you alive)
Function: pulls ribs down so we use it for forceful exhaling
Diaphram true muscle of respiration separates thoracic from abdominal cavity

45
Q

Ventilation

A

air is moving

46
Q

respiration

A

exchange of gases at the capillary bed

47
Q

2 layers of tissue between the lungs and chest wall

A

partial pleura - covers entire thoracic cavity
visceral pleura- thin lining around lungs only

these are epithelial tissue

48
Q

4 areas of mediastinum

A

superior
anterior
middle
posterior

49
Q

superior mediastinum structures

A

thymus gland (immune system)
superior vena cava
brachiocephalic veins, brachiocephalic aa
internal jugular veins, common carotid aa
subclavian veins, subclavian arteries
trachea, esophagus
phrenic nerves, vagus nerves

50
Q

Each brachiocephalic vein is formed from the ___ vein and _____ vein

A

internal jugular, subclavian

51
Q

behind great veins are the _____

A

great arteries
left common carotid, left subclavian

brachiocephalic trunk is on the right
right subclavian, right common carotid

52
Q

Trachea begins at the ____

A

cricoid cartilage

53
Q

Trachea runs down to the ____ where it will split to form the ____ and _____

A

carina, right and left main stem bronchus

54
Q

right lung has ____ lobes and left lung has ____ lobes and another piece called the _____

A

3, 2, lingula

55
Q

posterior mediastinum

A

2 vagus nerves
2 phrenic nerves
espophagus
trachea

56
Q

anterior mediastinum

A

space between the front of the lungs and the sternum no big structures

57
Q

middle mediastinum

A

pericardium and the heart

heart is enclosed by the pericardium

58
Q

3 primary coronary arteries and what do they do

A

left anterior descending (LAD)
right anterior descending (RAD_
Circumflex

Supply the heart and myocardium with blood rich in oxygen

59
Q

blood enters the heart 3 ways

A

superior vena cava -dumps blood from upper extremity and the head
inferior vena cava- dumps blood from lower extremity, hepatic circulation
cardiac circulation- blood flows through coronary sinus

60
Q

blood enters the right atrium after going through the _____ valve

A

thesbian

61
Q

how does blood travel from the right artium to the right ventricle

A

via the tricuspid valve

62
Q

triscupid valve (atrioventricular valve)

A

right atrium to right ventricle has papillary and chordae tendinae muscle to prevent backflow

63
Q

From the right ventricle blood passes through ____ and enters ____

A

pulmonic semilunar valve, pulmonary artery

only artery that will carry deoxygenated blood to the lungs to becomes oxygenated

64
Q

from the pulmonary artery to the lungs blood goes to the ____

A

pulmonary vein
(only vein that carry oxygenated blood)
4 pulmonary veins

65
Q

from the pulmonary vein blood enters the ____

A

left atrium

66
Q

left atrium blood passes through the ______ to the left ventricle

A

biscuspid/mitral valve

67
Q

from the left ventricle blood passes through ____ to enter circulation

A

aortic semilunar valve

68
Q

In diastole the ____ are contracting and the AV valves are _____

A

atria, open

69
Q

In systole the ______ are contractng and the AV valve are ________

A

ventricles, closed

70
Q

SA Node - function location

A

controls the cardiac cycle (60-100bpm) - when the SA node depolarizes atria contract

located in the right atrium

71
Q

Once the atria contract the ____ depolarizes

A

AV node

72
Q

AV node function location

A

depolarization contract ventricles located at the top of the interventricular septum

73
Q

As the impulse travels down the walls of the ventricles the ______ will begin to depolarize to finsih depolarization of the heart

A

Purkinjie Fibers

Anatomy (14 decks)

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