Anterior Forearm

Question 1

Layer 1

Answer 1

Pronator Teres. Palmaris Longus, Flexor Carpi Radialis, Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Question 2

Palmaris Longus

Answer 2

20% of individuals do not have this muscle
Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus via the common flexor tendon
Insertion: Palmer aponeurosis and flexor retinaculum
Innervated: Median Nerve
Function: Wrist Flexion

Question 3

Flexor Carpi Ulnaris

Answer 3

Has a humeral head and an Ulna Head
Origin Humeral head: Medial epicondyle of the humerus via the common flexor tendon
Origin Ulna head: posterior aspect of the ulna
Insertion: Pisiform bone, hook of hamate, metacarpal number 5
Innervated: Ulna Nerve (C8,T1 - sometimes includes C7)
Function: Wrist flexion- most powerful one due to increased movement arm via attachment to Pisiform Bone, Ulna deviation

Question 4

Median Nerve enters the forearm where

Answer 4

between the two heads of the pronator teres

Question 5

Ulna nerve enters the forearm where

Answer 5

between the two heads of the flexor carpi ulnaris

Question 6

Pronator Teres

Answer 6

Has a humeral head and an ulna head
Origin of humeral head: Medial epicondyle of the humerus via the common flexor tendon
Origin of the Ulna Head: Coranoid process on the ulna
Insertion: middle, lateral radius about halfway down
Innervated: Median Nerve (C5, C6, C7, C8)
Function: forearm pronation, synergist for elbow flexion

Question 7

Flexor Carpi Radialis

Answer 7

Origin: Medial epicondyle of the humerus via the common flexor tendon
Insertion: Metacarpal number 2 and 3 (some people on one or the other some on both)
Innervated: Median Nerve
Function: Wrist flexion and Radial Deviation

Question 8

Layer 2

Answer 8

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis

Question 9

Flexor Digitorum Superficialis (FDS)

Answer 9

Has a humeral ulna head and a radial head
Origin of the humeral ulnar head: medial epicondyle, coranoid process
Origin of radial head: proximal 1/2 of radius
Muscle has 4 tendons - tendons run 2 on top of 2 until they exit the carpal tunnel
Insertion: middle phalanges of digits 2-5
Innervated: Median Nerve
Function: Flex PIP joints digits 2-5
All four of these tendons go through the carpal tunnel, muscle crosses the mcp joint and wrist can help flex both but is not a primary mover

Question 10

Layer 3

Answer 10

Flexor Digitorum Profundus, Flexor Pollicis Longus

Question 11

Flexor Digitorum Profundus

Answer 11

Does Not Touch the Radius!
Origin: proximal 3/4 of the anterior surface of the ulnar and interosseus membrane
Insertion: Distal phalanx of digits 2-5
Innervated: Tendons 1 and 2 - median nerve, Tendons 3 and 4- ulnar nerve
Function: Primarily flex DIP joints (can help flex PIP, MCP, and wrist)
These four tendons go through the carpal tunnel

Question 12

Flexor Pollicis Longus

Answer 12

Will not touch the ulna
Origin: Anterior radius
Insertion: Distal phalanx digit 1
Innervated: Median Nerve
Function: Flexion of IP joint of the thumb
This tendon goes through the carpal tunnel

Question 13

Layer 4

Answer 13

Pronator Quadratus

Question 14

Pronator Quadratus

Answer 14

Origin: Distal Ulna
Insertion: distal radius
every muscle in the forearm funs proximal to distal except this one which runs laterally
Innervated: Median Nerve
Function: Pronate the forearm

Question 15

Carpal Tunnel

Answer 15

10 tendons, median nerve, part of the radial artery