Thorax and Abdomen Flashcards
Why do you do the Oblique Ribs?
to see the axillary ribs
Right posterior ribs:
AP and RPO
Right anterior ribs:
PA and LAO
Left photo:
Inspiration, Diaphragm
Right photo, Diaphragm Down
Expiration, Diaphragm Up
Why do we do chest x-rays Erect?
To allow the diaphragm to move down further
Why is the hemidyaphragm positioned more superior, line higher than the other?
Liver is in the way, on the right side
What is this arrow pointing to?
Sternoclavicular Joint,
Way to test rotation on the PA chest x-ray
Which one is recumbent?
The right image, because the diaphragm is not down enough and the heart is engorged
Which one is Upright?
The image on the left
Which one is AP or PA?
Right: AP
Left: PA
(the heart is magnified in the AP)
Erect, Air Fluid Level
The person has their heart on the wrong side.
Situs Inversous
The flow of the heart:
Deoxygenated blood enters the heart by the superior vena cava and the inferior vena cava (veins), the right atrium pumps forcing the blood into the tricuspid valve into the right ventricle, breathe in and breathe out to get oxygenated blood, go back into the lung
The only artery that contains deoxygenated blood:
Pulmonary artery
The Tricuspid valve is on what side:
the right side
The Bicuspid/Mitral valve is on what side?
Left Side
The first blood vessels off of the coronary artery:
right and left coronary arteries
Study, Position, and Breathing
RAO sternum
Shallow breathing, long time, low mA, blur out pulmonary markings, orthostatic breathing
What positions recommend orthostatic breathing?
RAO Sternum
Transthoracic Lateral
Lateral T-Spine
AP Scapula
Why do you do an RAO and if you can’t do an RAO what do you do?
To superimpose the sternum over the heart.
LPO
RAO to utilize the heart shadow
What Study:
Soft Tissue Neck, for slow inhalation
What type of breathing for soft tissue neck?
slow inhalation
Left: PA Abdomen
Right: AP Abdomen
PA, PA, PA
- orocholicystogram
- Upper GI and small bowel
- IVU IV urogram
- Upper Gastrointestinal, Prone
- Small Bowel, Prone
What study?
Right Lateral Upper GI
Demonstrating the Retrogastric Space
The lateral stomach is done to:
Represent the retrogastric space
Right, Left:
Right: polyps
Left: Diverticula
Hang down into the lumen of the bowel:
Polyps
Outpouchings in the bowel:
Diverticula
KNOW ANATOMY
Stores Bile:
Galbladder
Bile is produced:
by the liver
Purpose of the gallbladder:
Emulsify or break down fat
The first part of the small intestine:
Duodenum
ERCP stands for:
Endoscopic Retrograde Choliangiopancreatography
Antegrade flow of contrast medium through superficial vein in the arm and the kidney absorb the contrast:
IVU
Retrograde injection through ureteral catheter by urologist as a surgical procedure (if the kidneys aren’t showing up IV) :
Retrograde Urography
Retrograde flow into bladder through urethral catheter driven by gravity (seeing Bladder)
Retrograde Cystography
Retrograde flow into bladder through urethral catheter, followed by withdrawl of catheter for imaging during voiding
Voiding Cystourethrography
Retrograde injection through Brodney clamp or special catheter
Retrograde urethrography (male)
Where do we find Bowman’s Capsule?
Kidney (cortex of kidney)
What is this?
Intravenous Urogram (Pyelogram)
What is this?
Retrograde Urogram (Pyelogram)
catheter is inserted through the bladder to the kidney. Done in the OR
KNOW ANATOMY
Major, Minor Calyx
Retrograde Urography
Contrast media delivered retrograde through catheter
Done in the OR
What kidney are you seeing?
The kidney shown is: the left kidney parallel to the IR, the right ureter
Which kidney is parallel to the IR?
Left
Compression Paddles are in the image, to keep the contrast in the kidney
Apply the tourniquet:
8-10 cm (3-4 inches) above the kidney
LPO
Double Contrast Barium Enema
