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MAT > Thorax Anatomy > Flashcards

Thorax Anatomy Flashcards

Bones, Muscles, and VAN

1
Q

Number of Articulating Vertebrae

A

24
7 cervical
12 Thoracic
5 lumbar

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2
Q

Number of Fused Vertebrae

A

9
5 Sacrum
4 coccyx

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3
Q

Spinous Process

A

Most posterior aspect of the vertebrae
can be palpated

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4
Q

Body of Vertebrae

A

Most anterior part
gives support to body weight

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5
Q

Superior facet

A

2 total, connects to the inferior facet of next vertebrae

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6
Q

Inferior Facet

A

2 total
connects to the superior facet of next vertebrae

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7
Q

Vertebral Arch

A

Posterior to body
contains pedicles and lamina

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8
Q

Pedicles

A

processes that project posteriorly from body towards the transverse process

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9
Q

Lamina

A

projects from the pedicles posteromedial

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10
Q

Pars Interarticularis

A

area where the pedicle and lamina meet

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11
Q

Transverse Process

A

projects posterolateral from pars interarticularis

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12
Q

True Ribs

A

ribs 1-7
articulate directly with the sternum

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13
Q

False Ribs

A

Ribs 8-10
attach to sternum indirectly by 7th ribs costal cartilage

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14
Q

Floating Ribs

A

Ribs 11-12
only attached posteriorly

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15
Q

Sternum

A

1 bone with 3 segments

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16
Q

Manubrium

A

superior aspect of sternum
articulates with 1st rib and clavicles

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17
Q

Sternal Body

A

middle and largest aspect
sternal angle - superior aspect of body at levels of T4-T5 and attachment sites of 2nd rib

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18
Q

Xiphoid Process

A

most inferior aspect

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19
Q

Landmark at T1

A

Superior angle of the scapula

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20
Q

Landmark at T7

A

inferior angle of the scapula

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21
Q

Costovertebral Joints

A

between head of rib and body of vertebrae
synovial joint

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22
Q

Costotransverse Joints

A

between tubercule of rib and transverse process of vertebrae
synovial joint

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23
Q

Diaphragm Origin

A

circumference of the thoracic inlet from the xiphoid process, costal cartilage of ribs 6-12 and lumbar vertebrae

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24
Q

Diaphragm Insertion

A

Central Tendon of the diaphragm

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25
Q

Diaphragm Action

A

inhalation
flattens and draws the central tendon forward

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26
Q

Diaphragm Innervation

A

Phrenic Nerve (C3-C5)

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27
Q

Internal Intercostals Origin

A

Longitudinal ridge on inner surface of ribs and costal cartilages

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28
Q

Internal Intercostals Insertion

A

Superior border of the rib below

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29
Q

Internal Intercostals Action

A

inhalation: elevate costal cartilage of ribs 1-4
Exhalation: depress all ribs

30
Q

Internal Intercostals Innervation

A

Intercostal Branches of T1-T11

31
Q

External Intercostals Origin

A

Inferior Border of Ribs

32
Q

External Intercostals Insertion

A

Superior border of rib below

33
Q

External Intercostals Action

A

Elevate ribs

34
Q

External Intercostals Innervation

A

Intercostal branches of T1-T11

35
Q

Erector Spinae 3 divisions

A

Iliocostalis
Longissimus
Spinalis

36
Q

Iliocostalis Origin

A

Medial Iliac Crest
Thoracolumbar aponeurosis from sacrum
Posterior aspect of ribs 3-12

37
Q

Iliocostalis Insertion

A

Posterior Ribs 1-12
Cervical transverse processes of 4-7

38
Q

Iliocostalis Action

A

extension
lateral flexion
ipsilateral rotation of the spine and head

39
Q

Iliocostalis Innervation

A

Posterior Branches of the Spinal Nerves

40
Q

Longissimus Origin

A

Medial Iliac Crest
Thoracolumbar aponeurosis from sacrum
Lumbar transverse process 1-5
Thoracic transverse 1-5
cervical articular processes 5-7

41
Q

Longissimus Insertion

A

Cervical 2-6 spinous processes
Thoracic transverse process 1-12
bottom 9 ribs
mastoid process

42
Q

Longissimus Action

A

extension, lateral flexion, ipsilateral rotation of the spine and head

43
Q

Longissimus Innervation

A

Posterior branches of the spinal nerves

44
Q

Spinalis Origin

A

Ligamentum Nuchae
7th cervical spinous process
11-12 thoracic spinous processes
1-2 lumbar spinous process

45
Q

Spinalis Insertion

A

2nd cervical spinous process
5-12 thoracic spinous processes
occipital bone

46
Q

Spinalis Action

A

extension
lateral flexion
ipsilateral rotation of the spine and head

47
Q

Spinalis Innervation

A

posterior branches of the spinal nerves

48
Q

Transversus Thoracis Origin

A

inner surface of sternum and xiphoid process, sternal ends of costal cartilage of 3-6 ribs

49
Q

Transversus Thoracis Insertion

A

inner surfaces and inferior borders of costal cartilages 3-6

50
Q

Transversus Thoracis Action

A

depress ribs

51
Q

Transversus Thoracis Innervation

A

intercostal branches of T3-T6

52
Q

Intervertebral Disc Annulus Fibrosis

A

harder tissue that surrounds nucleus pulposus
“dough” in donut

53
Q

Intervertebral Disc Nucleus Pulposus

A

center part
“jelly”

54
Q

Intervertebral Disc Vertebral Endplates

A

sit on top and bottom
“icing”

55
Q

Disc translation Flexion

A

disc moves posteriorly

56
Q

Disc Translation Extension

A

disc moves anteriorly

57
Q

Supraspinous Ligament

A

attaches on the spinous process of the vertebrae running from c7-sacrum
prevents spinal hyperflexion

58
Q

Interspinous Ligament

A

From the root to the apex of each spinous process
joints the ligament flavum anteriorly and supraspinous ligament posteriorly
prevents spinal hyperflexion

59
Q

Anterior Longitudinal Ligament

A

anterior aspect of the vertebral bodies and annulus fibrosis
runs form occipital bones to sacrum
prevents spinal hyperextension

60
Q

Posterior Longitudinal Ligament

A

posterior aspect of vertebral bodies and annulus fibrosis
inside the vertebral cnal
runs from C2/Axis to sacrum
presents spinal hyperflexion also prevents nucleus pulposus

61
Q

Ligamentum Nuchea

A

aka nuchal ligament
external occipital protuberance to the posterior tubercule of C1/atlas
posterior border of the foramen magnum of each cervical vertebrae down to C7 spinous process
presents cervical hyperflexion

62
Q

Thoracic Aorta

A

through the posterior intercostal and subcostal arteries
coming from descending aorta

63
Q

Subclavian Artery

A

through the internal thoracic and supreme intercostal arteries
has a R & L
L is directly off aorta
R is from brachiocephalic

64
Q

Intercostal arteries

A

Go through the ribs
1 large posterior artery
2 small anterior arteries

65
Q

Posterior Intercostal arteries

A

Origin: superior intercostal artery (1-2) thoracic aorta (rest
Course: pass between internal and innermost intercostal muscles
Distribution: intercostal muscles and parietal pleura

66
Q

Internal Thoracic Artery

A

Origin: Subclavian artery
Course: passes inferiorly and lateral to the sternum
Distribution: by way of the anterior intercostal arteries to intercostal spaces

67
Q

Spinal Flexion

A

anterior movement of the spine
thorax moves toward the pelvis
(chin to chest)

68
Q

Spinal Extension

A

posterior movement of the spine
thorax moves away form the pelvis

69
Q

Lateral Flexion

A

side bending
thorax moves lateral toward the pelvis

70
Q

Spinal Rotation

A

thorax rotates toward an iliac crest

MAT (4 decks)

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