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MAT > Ch. 1 & 2 > Flashcards

Ch. 1 & 2 Flashcards

Planes, Joints, Bones

1
Q

Anteroposterior (AP) Plane

A

Divides the body into right and left halves

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2
Q

Sagittal Plane

A

Divides the body into right and left halves

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3
Q

Frontal Plane

A

Divides the body into front and back

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4
Q

Coronal Plane

A

Divides the body into front and back

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5
Q

Transverse Plane

A

Divides body into superior and inferior

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6
Q

Axial/Horizontal Plane

A

Divides body into superior and inferor

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7
Q

Frontal/Mediolateral Axis

A

Axis for Sagittal plane
Runs medial to lateral

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8
Q

Sagittal/Anteroposterior Axis

A

Axis for frontal plane
Runs anterior to posterior

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9
Q

Vertical/Longitudinal Axis

A

Axis for Transverse Plane
Runs head to toes

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10
Q

Fetal Position

A

Lying on either side
spine,head and extremities flexed inwards

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11
Q

Hook Lying

A

Supine
Hips flexed 45
Knees flexed 90
Feet flat on table
(Think crunches stance)
AKA Dorsal Recumbent

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12
Q

Lateral Recumbent

A

Lying on their side
knees and hips straight or slightly flexed
(Think recovery position)

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13
Q

Long Sitting

A

Sitting with legs extended forward and toes pointed
Trunk erect and hands on hips or on table

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14
Q

Short Sitting

A

Sitting upright with knees flexed and legs hanging over the edge

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15
Q

Ipsilateral

A

On the same side

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16
Q

Volar

A

Relating to the palm

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17
Q

Anteversion

A

excessive rotation forward in the transverse plane
(toes towards the midline)

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18
Q

Retroversion

A

excessive rotation backwards in the transverse plane
(toes away from midline)

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19
Q

Kyphosis

A

Increased curve of the spine outward in the sagittal place
(Hunch Back)

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20
Q

Lordosis

A

Increased curve of the spine inward in the sagittal place

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21
Q

Recurvatum

A

bending backward in the sagittal plane
hyperextension of the knees

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22
Q

Scoliosis

A

lateral curve of the spine in the frontal plane

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23
Q

Valgus

A

Outward angle of distal segment of joint in the frontal plane

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24
Q

Varus

A

inward angle of distal segment of a joint in the frontal plane

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25
Q

Diagonal/Oblique Plane

A

Combo of more than 1 plane of motion

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26
Q

High Diagonal Plane

A

Used for overhand movements

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27
Q

Lower Diagonal planes

A

one for underhand movements
one for lower extremity movements

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28
Q

Diagonal/Oblique Axis

A

Runs at a right angle to diagonal Plane

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29
Q

Long Bones

A

Long cylindrical shaft
Wide protruding ends
serve as levers for the body

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30
Q

Short Bones

A

Small and cube shaped
proportionally large articular surface
provide shock absorption

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31
Q

Flat Bones

A

have a curved surface
varying from thick to thin
generally provide protection

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32
Q

Irregular Bones

A

irregularly shaped
include bones throughout the spine, ischium,pubis, and maxilla

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33
Q

Sesamoid Bones

A

small bones embedded within a tendon

34
Q

Diaphysis

A

shaft
long cylindrical portion of the wall

35
Q

Cortex

A

diaphysis walls
hard dense compact bone

36
Q

Endosteum

A

membrane that covers the cortex

37
Q

Periosteum

A

fibrous membrane that covers the diaphysis

38
Q

Medullary Cavity

A

lies between the walls of the diaphysis

39
Q

Epiphysis

A

ends of long bones
shaped to join with the epiphysis of another bone
formed by trabecular (spongy) bone

40
Q

Epiphyseal Plate

A

aka growth plate
thin plate of cartilage that separates the diaphysis from epiphysis

41
Q

Metaphysis

A

wider portion between the diaphysis and epiphysis

42
Q

Apophyses

A

bony process with an independent center of ossification and associated growth plate
are origins and/or insertions for muscles

43
Q

Bone Processes

A

elevated form joints or points of attachment

44
Q

Bone Cavities

A

depressions
openings and grooves for structures to run through

45
Q

Condyle

A

large, rounded projection that usually articulates with another bone

46
Q

Facet

A

small, flat or nearly flat surface

47
Q

Head

A

prominent, rounded projection of the proximal end of a bone

48
Q

Angle
(Bone)

A

bend or protruding angular projection

49
Q

Border/Margin

A

edge or boundary line of a bone

50
Q

Crest

A

prominent, narrow, ridgeline projection

51
Q

epicondyle

A

projection located above a condyle

52
Q

Line
(Bone)

A

ridge of bone less prominent that crest

53
Q

Process

A

any prominent projection

54
Q

Ramus

A

Part of an irregularly shaped bone that is thicker than a process and forms an angle with the main body

55
Q

Spine/Spinous Process

A

Sharp, slender projection

56
Q

Suture
(Bone)

A

Line of union between bones

57
Q

Trochanter

A

very large projection

58
Q

Tubercule

A

small, rounded projection

59
Q

Tuberosity

A

large, rounded or roughened projection

60
Q

Facet

A

Flattened or shallow articulating surface

61
Q

Foramen

A

rounded hole or opening in bone

62
Q

Fossa

A

hollow, depressed, or flattened surface

63
Q

Fovea

A

very small pit or depression

64
Q

Meatus

A

tubelike passage within a bone

65
Q

Notch

A

Depression in the margin of a bone

66
Q

Sinus

A

Cavity or hollow space within a bone

67
Q

Sulcus/Groove

A

furrow or groovelike depression on a bone

68
Q

Fibrous Joints

A

Joined together by connective tissues and mostly not moveable

69
Q

Cartilaginous Joints

A

joined together by hyaline cartilage and allows slight movement

70
Q

Synovial Joints

A

moveable and diarthrodial

71
Q

Synarthrodial Joints

A

Sutures in the cranial bones
Comphosis sockets of the teeth

72
Q

Syndesmosis
(Amphiarthrodial Joint)

A

held together by strong ligamentous
minimal movement

73
Q

Symphysis
(Amphiarthrodial Joint)

A

Separated by a fibrocartilage pad
very slight movement

74
Q

Synchondrosis
(Amphiarthrodial Joint)

A

Separated by hyaline cartilage
very slight movement

75
Q

Diarthrodial Joints

A

aka synovial joints
have further classifications
has a joint capsule which thickens in areas to form ligaments
hyaline cartilage at ends of bones

76
Q

Degrees of Freedom

A

number of directions that a joint may move and corresponds to the planes of motion

77
Q

Ginglymus Joint
(Diarthrodial Joints)

A

hinge joint
wide ROM in 1 plane
1 DoF

78
Q

Trochoidal Joint
(Diarthrodial Joints)

A

pivot, screw joint
rotational movement about an axis
1 DoF

79
Q

Condyloidal Joint
(Diarthrodial Joints)

A

ellipsoid, ovoid, biaxial ball and socket
movement in 2 planes without rotation
2 DoF

80
Q

Enarthodial Joint
(Diarthrodial Joints)

A

spherodial, multiaxial ball, and socket
true ball and socket with motion in all planes
3 DoF

81
Q

Arthodial Joint
(Diarthrodial Joints)

A

Gliding, plane joint
2 flat bony surfaces right against each other
3 DoF

82
Q

Sellar Joint
(Diarthrodial Joints)

A

found in the carpometacarpal joint
3 DoF

MAT (4 decks)

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