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MAT > Process of Healing > Flashcards

Process of Healing Flashcards

800

1
Q

Clotting Factor I

A

Name: Fibrinogen
Function: Coverts fibrinogen to fibrin to form a clot
Pathway: Common

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2
Q

Clotting Factor II

A

Name: Prothrombin
Function: converts to thrombin
Pathway: Common

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3
Q

Clotting Factor III

A

Name: Tissue Factor/ TF
Function: Triggers blood clotting
Pathway: extrinsic

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4
Q

Clotting Factor IV

A

Name: Calcium/ CA++
Function: binds to phospholipids to facilitate clotting
Pathway: All 3

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5
Q

Clotting Factor V

A

Name: Proaccelerin/ Labile factor
Function: ?
Pathway Extrinsic and Intrinsic

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6
Q

Clotting Factor VII

A

Name: Proconcertin/ Stable Factor
Function: Initiates the coagulation cascade with III
Pathway: Extrinsic

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7
Q

Clotting Factor VIII

A

Name: Antihemophilic Factor A
Function: essential for blood clotting
Pathway: Intrinsic

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8
Q

Clotting Factor IX

A

Name: Antihemophilic B/ Christmas Factor
Function: Essential for blood clotting
Pathway: Intrinsic

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9
Q

Hemostasis Phase
(Primary Activities)

A

Vasoconstriction
Platelet Activation
Platelet plug formation
Coagulation Cascade
Fibrin Plug formation

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10
Q

Inflammation Phase
(Primary Activities)

A

Vasodilation
Vascular permeability
Neutrophil infiltration
Macrophage infiltration
Lymphocyte infiltration
Debridement

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11
Q

Proliferation Phase
(Primary Activities)

A

Fibroblast infiltration
Re-epithelialization
Angiogensis
Extracellular matrix formation
Type III collagen formation
Wound contraction by myofibroblasts

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12
Q

Remodeling Phase
(Primary Activities)

A

Collagen remodeling to type I
Scar tissue maturation
Microvascular regression
Tensile strength increase

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13
Q

Angiogenesis

A

formation of blood vessels

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14
Q

Arachidonic Acid

A

precursor in the production of leukotrienes, prostaglandins and thromboxanes

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15
Q

Basophil

A

WBC in the subgroup of polymorphonuclear leukocytes (PMNs)

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16
Q

Bradykinin

A

Very potent local vasodilator. Increases vascular permeability and stimulates local pain receptors

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17
Q

Chemokines

A

Prevent angiogenesis during clot formation and remodeling phases but promote angiogenesis during inflammation and proliferation phases

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18
Q

Chemotactin

A

Agent that facilitates chemotaxis

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19
Q

Chemotaxis

A

Movement or orientation of cells in response to a chemical stimulus after an injury

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20
Q

Type I Collagen

A

Most abundant
High in tensile strength
Found in dermis, fascia, bone, ligaments, tendons, and scar tissue

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21
Q

Type II Collagen

A

Found in cartilage

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22
Q

Type III Collagen

A

Found in blood vessels and granulation tissue of recent wounds

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23
Q

Type IV Collagen

A

found in basement membranes

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24
Q

Type V Collagen

A

found in interstitial tissue

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25
Q

Collagenase

A

produced by new epithelial cells and fibroblasts
involved in collagen degradation in a wound. controls collagen content in a would

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26
Q

Common Pathway

A

3rd pathway in the coagulation cascade
AKA thrombin pathway
completes the blood clotting cascade to form the fibrin plug

27
Q

Cytokines

A

regulate the immune response and mediate intercellular communication
AKA Growth Factros
They can facilitate or inhibit activity

28
Q

Eosinophil

A

WBC in the subgroup of PMNs
Promotes hemostasis and tissue repair

29
Q

Epidermal Growth Factor (EGF)

A

Produced by Platelets during early inflammation and proliferation phases
starts a cascade to enhance cell mobility.
in early proliferation, it increases the epithelialization rate and later prevents excessive scarring

30
Q

Extrinsic Pathway

A

Blood clotting that occurs when plasma comes in contact with an extrinsic trigger to start the blood clotting cascade
Involves factors III, VI, and X
Mechanism begins hemostasis following trauma

31
Q

Clotting Factor X

A

Name: Stuart-Prower Factor
Function: combines with prothrombin to create thrombin in the final pathway
Pathway: extrinsic and intrinsic

32
Q

Exudate

A

material that escapes from blood vessels after injury
as PMNs die and decompose, it may resemble as pus however, no infection is present

33
Q

Fibrillogenesis

A

development of fine fibers
early development of collagen fibers seen during the proliferation healing phase

34
Q

Fibrin

A

insoluble fibrous protein formed by fibrinogen
important in clotting

35
Q

Fibrinogen

A

enzyme in plasma
converts fibrin to form a plug in early healing at an injury site

36
Q

Fibrinolysin

A

enzyme in plasma released later in healing
converts fibrin into a soluble substance to unplug the lymphatic system at the the injury site

37
Q

Fibrinolysis

A

normal breakdown of clots
occurs about 3 days after injury to remove the fibrin clot

38
Q

Clotting Factor XIII

A

Name: Fibrin stabilizing factor/ Laki-Lorand factor
Function: Stabilizes the fibrin clot by enabling cross-links within the fibrin strands
Stabilizes the wound site’s hemostasis

39
Q

Fibroblast

A

connective tissue cell that differentiates into chondroblasts, osteoblasts, and collagenoblasts
Forms the fibrous tissues

40
Q

Fibroblast Growth Factor (FGF)

A

stimulates the proliferation and migration of endothelial cells, fibroblasts, chondrocytes, and myoblasts.

41
Q

Granulation Tissue

A

Newly formed, highly vascular tissue produced during wound healing
eventually forms the scar of the wound
characteristically has beefy-red appearance with small, red, velvety nodular masses

42
Q

Hemostasis

A

body’s immediate response to injury, stopping bleeding
circulating platelets and clotting factors in the bloodstream move to injury site

43
Q

Histamine

A

increases vascular permeability to release proteins and fibronectin to the injury site
released by mast cells and granulocytes

44
Q

Insulin-like growth factor (IGF)

A

regulates general tissue growth, development, and repair.
Important role in muscle tissue repair and reinnervation

45
Q

Intrinsic Pathway

A

Blood clotting mechanism that occurs without adding an extrinsic factor
Involves factors XII, XI, IX, VIII, X, and V.
triggered by internal damage to the blood vessel

46
Q

Kinin

A

generic term for polypeptides related to bradykinin
mediates the classic signs of inflammation
cases increased microvascular permeability

47
Q

Leukotriene

A

compound formed from arachidonic acid
regulates inflammatory reactions

48
Q

Lymphocytes

A

found in blood and lymph
produces antibodies

49
Q

Macrophages

A

regulators of the repair process
Carry out phagocytosis at an injury site
secrete fibronectin and coagulation factors
help keep inflammation localized
enhance collagen deposition and fibroblast proliferation

50
Q

Mast Cells

A

Connective tissue cells
AKA mastocytes and labrocytes
store and produce various mediators of inflammation
release histamine, and other mediators
increases local blood flow, attracts immune cells, stimulates production of fibroblasts and endothelial cells, and promotes and controls remodeling of ECM

51
Q

Monocytes

A

remove debris from an injury site
formed in bone marrow and transported to tissues where they become macrophages

52
Q

Myoblast

A

forms myotubes, which eventually evolve into muscle fiber

53
Q

Myofibroblasts

A

responsible for wound contraction
results in a smaller scar

54
Q

Neutrophil

A

Contain toxic chemicals that bind to microorganisms to kill them

55
Q

Phagocyte

A

Engulf and absorb bacteria, debris, and other particles
Protects body against infection and removes dead cells and debris from injured or infected sites

56
Q

Polymorphonuclear Leukocyte (PMN)

A

Type of WBC with more than one nucleus. AKA neutrophil
Chemotactic and phagocytic in the healing process

57
Q

Prostaglandin (PG)

A

Hormone found primarily in arachidonic acid when a cell membrane is damaged
mediates cell migration during inflammation and modulates serotonin and histamine
Mediates myofibroblasts, initiates early phases of injury repair, and plays a role in later stages of inflammation

58
Q

Proteoglycan

A

found in synovial fluid and connective tissue matrix
provides a resilient matrix to inhibit cell migration
regulates cell function and proliferation and regulates collagen fibrillogenesis

59
Q

Satellite cells

A

Stem cells present in muscle that lie within muscle in a normally dormant state
activated at injury and regenerate new muscle tissue
Also regulate fibroblast presence and activity during healing

60
Q

Serotonin

A

hormone that produces vasoconstriction in small vessels after norepinephrine activity is complete
occurs only when blood vessel endothelial walls are damaged
later initiates reactions leading to collagen cross-linking

61
Q

Thrombin

A

converts fibrinogen to fibrin to form a fibrin plug early in inflammation phase
later stimulates fibronectin production and fibroblast proliferation

62
Q

Thromboxane

A

acts as a vasoconstrictor and potent inducer of platelet aggregation

63
Q

Anastomosis

A

a cross-connection between adjacent channels, tubes, fibers, or other parts of a network

MAT (4 decks)

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