Thorax

Question 1

what membrane covers the apex of the lungs?

Answer 1

suprapleural membrane

Question 2

what 3 main vessels and structure pass through the diaphragm from the thorax

Answer 2

esophagus
aorta
ivc

Question 3

the trachea is anterior to what structure?

Answer 3

esophagus

Question 4

sternum articulates with which ribs?

Answer 4

ribs #1-7

Question 5

what 2 vessels are at risk during a sternal puncture near the manubrium?

Answer 5

left brachiocephalic vein and aorta

Question 6

which ribs are true ribs

Answer 6

1-7

Question 7

which ribs are false ribs

Answer 7

8-10

Question 8

which ribs are floating ribs

Answer 8

11-12

Question 9

which ribs are typical ribs?

Answer 9

3-9

Question 10

which ribs are atyipcal ribs

Answer 10

1-2, 10-12

Question 11

scalene tubercle and grooves for subclavian artery and vein are features of which rib?

Answer 11

rib 1

Question 12

rib fx have risk of injuring which 2 major organs

Answer 12

lungs and spleen

Question 13

cervical rib is present in what percent of the population

Answer 13

0.5

Question 14

which intercostal structure under the costal groove is most vulnerable to damage?

Answer 14

intercostal nerve

Question 15

intercostal nerve block is performed proximal or distal to the injury of the rib

Answer 15

proximal

Question 16

what directions do intercostal muscles pull the ribs and sternum during inspiration?

Answer 16

up and out

Question 17

what directions do intercostal muscles pull the ribs and sternum during expiration?

Answer 17

down and in

Question 18

flail chest leads to what type of respiration?

Answer 18

paradoxical respiration

Question 19

what structure(s) travel with the IVC into the diaphragm?

Answer 19

R phrenic nerves

Question 20

what structure(s) travel with the esophagus into the diaphragm?

Answer 20

R and L vagus nerves

Question 21

what structure(s) travel with the aorta into the diaphram?

Answer 21

thoracic duct and azygos vein

Question 22

bucket-handle movement of the thoracic cage is associated with what dimension of inspiration

Answer 22

lateral (transverse)

Question 23

pump-handle movement of the thoracic cage is associated with what dimension of inspiration

Answer 23

anteroposterioral

Question 24

which artery and vein run along the parasternal lines

Answer 24

internal thoracic a and v

Question 25

mammary gland runs vertically along which ribs

Answer 25

ribs 2-6

Question 26

which intercostal muscles are involved in inspiration?

Answer 26

external

Question 27

which intercostal muscles are involved in expiration?

Answer 27

internal and innermost

Question 28

diaphragm is what type of muscle?

Answer 28

skeletal

Question 29

what is the difference between internal and innermost intercostal muscles in terms of location?

Answer 29

innermost- only on anterior side, close to sternum

internal- located in entire intercostal space

Question 30

phrenic nerve innervates what part of the diaphragm?

Answer 30

central tendon

Question 31

lower 6 intercostal nerves innervate what part of the diaphragm?

Answer 31

costal part

Question 32

the diaphragm is a muscle of inspiration or expiration?

Answer 32

inspiration

Question 33

septum transversum and pleural peritoneal membranes derive from which embryological structure?

Answer 33

mesoderm

Question 34

what relation is the phrenic nerve to the scalene muscle?

Answer 34

anterior

Question 35

phrenic nerve provides sensory innervation to which 3 structures

Answer 35

pericardium
mediastinum
central tendon

Question 36

lack of fusion between the septum transversum and pleural peritoneal membranes during development leads to what disorder?

Answer 36

congenital diaphragmatic hernia

Question 37

paralysis of the diaphragm due to damage to motor fibers via phrenic nerve leads to what?

Answer 37

paradoxical movement of the diaphragm during inspiration- affected side moves up

Question 38

80-90% of diaphragmatic ruptures occur on what side of the diaphragm? why?

Answer 38

left side because the right side is protected by the liver