Heart

Question 1

which intercostal space do you insert pericardiocentesis to relieve cardiac tampanode

Answer 1

left 5th or 6th ICS parasternal line

Question 2

which chamber of the heart forms most of the inferior surface?

Answer 2

left ventricle

Question 3

which chamber of the heart forms most of the posterior surface of the heart?

Answer 3

left atrium

Question 4

when does development of the heart tube occur?

Answer 4

4th week of iul

Question 5

what does sinus venosus develop into?

Answer 5

smooth part of atria and coronary sinus

Question 6

what does the primitive atria develop into?

Answer 6

rough part of atria (auricles)

Question 7

what does primitive ventricle develop into?

Answer 7

rough part of ventricles

Question 8

what does bulbos cordis develop into?

Answer 8

smooth part of ventricles

Question 9

what does truncus arteriosus develop into?

Answer 9

pulmonary trunk and aorta

Question 10

myocardium in which chamber of the heart is thickest?

Answer 10

left ventricle

Question 11

myocardium in which chamber of the heart is thinnest?

Answer 11

R and L atria

Question 12

what are in the subendocardial layer?

Answer 12

arteries, veins, and purkinje fibers

Question 13

what are in the subepicardial layer?

Answer 13

arteries, nerves, nerve ganglia

Question 14

which septa are membraneous? which are are muscular?

Answer 14

atrial septum- membraneous

ventricular septum- membraneous (upper), muscular (lower)

Question 15

what are the main blood supply to the pericardium?

Answer 15

pericardiacophrenic artery (from internal thoracic a)
musculophrenic artery

Question 16

what artery supplies the epicardium?

Answer 16

coronary a

Question 17

bronchial, osesophageal, and superior phrenic pericardial branches branch from what artery?

Answer 17

descending aorta

Question 18

what are the central lymphoid organs

Answer 18

thymus, bone marrow

Question 19

what are the peripheral lymphoid organs

Answer 19

spleen, tonsils, lymph nodes, peyer’s patches, solitary lymph nodules

Question 20

venous drainage of the heart occurs via which major veins?

Answer 20

internal thoracic v.

azygos and hemiazygos v.

Question 21

what does ductus venosus develop into?

Answer 21

ligamentum venosum

Question 22

what does ductus arteriosus develop into?

Answer 22

ligamentum arteriosum

Question 23

what does foramen ovale develop into?

Answer 23

fossa ovale

Question 24

what does umbilical vein develop into?

Answer 24

round ligament of liver

Question 25

what does umbilical artery develop into?

Answer 25

medial umbilical folds

Question 26

what parts of the heart does the marginal branch supply?

Answer 26

RV

Question 27

what parts of the heart does the posterior interventricular (descending) branch supply?

Answer 27

LV, RV, posterior 1/3 of IV septum

Question 28

what parts of the heart does the anterior interventricular (descending) branch supply?

Answer 28

LV, RV, anterior 2/3 of IV septum, Bundle of HIS

Question 29

which valves are more commonly involved in valvular heart dz?

Answer 29

aortic and mitral

Question 30

what are the 4 signs of tetraology of fallot

Answer 30

pulmonary trunk stenosis
RV hypertrophy
overriding aorta
ventricular septal defect

Question 31

in which orientations is the aorticopulmonary septum displaced in tetralogy of fallot?

Answer 31

anterior/superior

Question 32

the aorticopulmonary septum is derived from what embryological structure?

Answer 32

neural crest cells

Question 33

what is the most common congenital heart defect?

Answer 33

ventricular septal defect

Question 34

which coronary artery is most commonly involved in MI?

Answer 34

anterior (descending) interventricular artery

Question 35

left and right coronary arteries branch from what part of the aorta?

Answer 35

ascending aorta

Question 36

which cardiac veins open directly into the R atrium?

Answer 36

smallest cardiac veins (thebesian) veins

Question 37

what are the cusps of the tricuspid valve?

Answer 37

anterior
posterior
septal

Question 38

what are the cusps of the mitral valve?

Answer 38

anterior

posterior

Question 39

what layer of the heart are valves formed form?

Answer 39

endocardium

Question 40

infundibulum is a derivative of what embryological structure?

Answer 40

aka conus arteriousosus

bulbos cordis of heart tube- smooth portion of the ventricles