Lungs Flashcards
development of the respiratory system occurs during what week of devlopment?
4th week
cartilage, muscle, and ct of the trachea come from what embryological structure?
mesoderm
primary gut tube comes from what what embryological structure?
endoderm
which lobar bronchi of the trachea is eparterial?
superior lobar bronchiole
which lobar bronchiole of the right main bronchus is given off before entering the hilum of the lung? after?
before- superior
after- middle and inferior
cough reflex is caused by irritation of mucous membrane of what structure?
carina of trachea
what is infant respiratory distress syndrome?
when there is low surfactant, the lung constricts
the right lung contains a depression for what vessel on its mediastinal surface?
arch of azygos vein
the left lung has a depression for what vessel on its mediastinal surface?
arch of aorta
what is the order (superior to inferior) of vessels entering the hilum of the right lung?
B
A
V
what is the order (superior to inferior) of vessels entering the hilum of the left lung?
A
B
V
which lung contains the lingula and cardiac notch?
left
what is pulmonary hyperplasia
when anything compresses the lungs
which lobar bronchiole of the left main bronchus is given off before entering the hilum of the lung? after?
after- superior and inferior
aspiration of foreign bodies leads to lodging into what main bronchi, lobe bronchi, and segment? into what lobes?
right main bronchus
middle and inferior lobe bronchi
posterior basal segment (inferior lobe bronchi)
middle and inferior lobes of right lung
which lymph nodes does bronchogenic CA metastasize to first?
bronchomediastinal lymph nodes
where does bronchogenic CA come from?
epithelium of main bronchi, lobule, and segmental bronchi
svc syndrome eventually leads to what condition?
cyanosis
what are the 3 major signs of horner syndrome? (3)
miosis
ptosis
hemianhyrosis
miosis is paralysis of what muscle?
dilator pupillae m.
ptosis is paralysis of what muscle?
superior tarsal m.
what is hemianhydrosis?
lack of sweating on one side of body
what is in the anterior mediastinum?
adult- fat and lymph
before puberty- thymus
arch of azygos vein is in what mediastinum?
middle
ascending aorta is in what mediastinum?
middle
svc and ivc are in what mideastinum?
middle
trachea is in what mediastnium?
superior only
main bronchi are in what mediastinum?
middle
what provides sensory innervation to the costal parietal pleura?
intercostal nerves
what provides sensory innervation to the diaphragmatic parietal pleura?
phrenic nerve
lower 6 intercostal nerves
what provides sensory innervation to the mediastinal parietal pleura?
phrenic nerve
what artery supplies blood to the lungs?
bronchial arteries (br. from thoracic aorta)
what vein drains blood from the lungs?
bronchial veins (br from azygos system)
what location do we perfrom thoracocentesis?
7, 8, 9th ics midaxillary line
what is mediastinal widening?
enlargement of bronchomediastinal lymph nodes, often seen in PNA
what causes PNA?
infection (bacterial, viral, fungal) or chemicals
what is PNA?
inflammation of the lung
oblique fissure is associated to which vertebral spinous process and CC?
T2 and 6th CC
horizontal fissure is associated with which CC?
4th CC
what is pus in pleural cavity?
pytothorax
what is lymph in pleural cavity?
chylothorax
what is heard in the stethoscope in the case of pleuritis?
pleural friction rub
