Lungs

Question 1

development of the respiratory system occurs during what week of devlopment?

Answer 1

4th week

Question 2

cartilage, muscle, and ct of the trachea come from what embryological structure?

Answer 2

mesoderm

Question 3

primary gut tube comes from what what embryological structure?

Answer 3

endoderm

Question 4

which lobar bronchi of the trachea is eparterial?

Answer 4

superior lobar bronchiole

Question 5

which lobar bronchiole of the right main bronchus is given off before entering the hilum of the lung? after?

Answer 5

before- superior

after- middle and inferior

Question 6

cough reflex is caused by irritation of mucous membrane of what structure?

Answer 6

carina of trachea

Question 7

what is infant respiratory distress syndrome?

Answer 7

when there is low surfactant, the lung constricts

Question 8

the right lung contains a depression for what vessel on its mediastinal surface?

Answer 8

arch of azygos vein

Question 9

the left lung has a depression for what vessel on its mediastinal surface?

Answer 9

arch of aorta

Question 10

what is the order (superior to inferior) of vessels entering the hilum of the right lung?

Answer 10

B
A
V

Question 11

what is the order (superior to inferior) of vessels entering the hilum of the left lung?

Answer 11

A
B
V

Question 12

which lung contains the lingula and cardiac notch?

Answer 12

left

Question 13

what is pulmonary hyperplasia

Answer 13

when anything compresses the lungs

Question 14

which lobar bronchiole of the left main bronchus is given off before entering the hilum of the lung? after?

Answer 14

after- superior and inferior

Question 15

aspiration of foreign bodies leads to lodging into what main bronchi, lobe bronchi, and segment? into what lobes?

Answer 15

right main bronchus
middle and inferior lobe bronchi
posterior basal segment (inferior lobe bronchi)

middle and inferior lobes of right lung

Question 16

which lymph nodes does bronchogenic CA metastasize to first?

Answer 16

bronchomediastinal lymph nodes

Question 17

where does bronchogenic CA come from?

Answer 17

epithelium of main bronchi, lobule, and segmental bronchi

Question 18

svc syndrome eventually leads to what condition?

Answer 18

cyanosis

Question 19

what are the 3 major signs of horner syndrome? (3)

Answer 19

miosis
ptosis
hemianhyrosis

Question 20

miosis is paralysis of what muscle?

Answer 20

dilator pupillae m.

Question 21

ptosis is paralysis of what muscle?

Answer 21

superior tarsal m.

Question 22

what is hemianhydrosis?

Answer 22

lack of sweating on one side of body

Question 23

what is in the anterior mediastinum?

Answer 23

adult- fat and lymph

before puberty- thymus

Question 24

arch of azygos vein is in what mediastinum?

Answer 24

middle

Question 25

ascending aorta is in what mediastinum?

Answer 25

middle

Question 26

svc and ivc are in what mideastinum?

Answer 26

middle

Question 27

trachea is in what mediastnium?

Answer 27

superior only

Question 28

main bronchi are in what mediastinum?

Answer 28

middle

Question 29

what provides sensory innervation to the costal parietal pleura?

Answer 29

intercostal nerves

Question 30

what provides sensory innervation to the diaphragmatic parietal pleura?

Answer 30

phrenic nerve | lower 6 intercostal nerves

Question 31

what provides sensory innervation to the mediastinal parietal pleura?

Answer 31

phrenic nerve

Question 32

what artery supplies blood to the lungs?

Answer 32

bronchial arteries (br. from thoracic aorta)

Question 33

what vein drains blood from the lungs?

Answer 33

bronchial veins (br from azygos system)

Question 34

what location do we perfrom thoracocentesis?

Answer 34

7, 8, 9th ics midaxillary line

Question 35

what is mediastinal widening?

Answer 35

enlargement of bronchomediastinal lymph nodes, often seen in PNA

Question 36

what causes PNA?

Answer 36

infection (bacterial, viral, fungal) or chemicals

Question 37

what is PNA?

Answer 37

inflammation of the lung

Question 38

oblique fissure is associated to which vertebral spinous process and CC?

Answer 38

T2 and 6th CC

Question 39

horizontal fissure is associated with which CC?

Answer 39

4th CC

Question 40

what is pus in pleural cavity?

Answer 40

pytothorax

Question 41

what is lymph in pleural cavity?

Answer 41

chylothorax

Question 42

what is heard in the stethoscope in the case of pleuritis?

Answer 42

pleural friction rub