Thorax Flashcards

1
Q

Where does the trachea bifurcate ?

A

T4

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2
Q

Where does the respiratory diverticulum arise?

A

Forgut - endoderm

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3
Q

When are Type I and type II pneumocytes formed?

A

25th week

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4
Q

What brings the cardiac tube together?

A

Lateral folding

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5
Q

How does the heart migrate to the thoracic region?

A

by head to tail body folding

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6
Q

What does the right sinus venosus give rise to?

A

Sinus centrum - right atrium

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7
Q

What does the left sinus venous give rise to ?

A

coronary sinus & veins

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8
Q

What are the postnatal remnants?

A

Umbilical vein–> ligamentum teres of liver
Formen ovale–> fossa ovalis
Ductus arteriosus-> ligamentum arteriosum
umbilical arteries–>medial umbilical ligaments

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9
Q

When is the heart complete in formation?

A

8th week

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10
Q

What type of murmur is heard with a PDA?

A

machine like

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11
Q

What can give rise to PDA?

A

premature babies

rubella infections

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12
Q

What is the defect that occurs with coarctation?

A

Turner syndrome

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13
Q

What is distinguishable with a post ductal coarctation?

A

costal notching

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14
Q

What are the characteristics of tetralogy of fallout ?

A
  1. Pulmonary stenosis
  2. RV hypertrophy
  3. VSD
  4. Overriding Aorta
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15
Q

What is the congenital heart defect in diabetic mothers?

A

Transposition of the great arteries

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16
Q

What is a persistent trunks arteriosus associated with ?

A

DiGeorge syndrome

17
Q

What allows transposition of the arteries to survive?

A

VSD or ASD

18
Q

What nerve crosses over the heart ?

A

Phrenic nerve

19
Q

What part of the heart is located above the 3 rib ?

A

Superior Vena cava

20
Q

What would be puncture on the ride side of the sternum ?

A

Right atrium

21
Q

What is the border of the right atrium?

A

3rd rib to 6th rib

22
Q

What would be punctured midline between 3, 4, 5 intercostal space ?

A

Right ventricle

23
Q

What is located at the 2nd rib on the left sternal border ?

A

Left atrium

24
Q

Where is the apex of the heart located ?

A

5th intercostal space

25
Q

What determines heart dominance ?

A

the origin of the Posterior descending artery

26
Q

What is border of the superior mediastinum?

A

above T4

27
Q

What the contents of the superior mediastinum?

A
arch of the aorta
brachiocephalic veins
SVC
trachea & esophagus 
Phrenic & vagus nerves
28
Q

What is the border of the middle mediastinum?

A

below T4 to T8

29
Q

What is located in the middle mediastinum

A

heart
great vessels
pericardium

30
Q

What is located in the posterior mediastinum?

A

descending aorta
esophagus
thoracic duct
azygous veing

31
Q

Wheat is the located of the posterior mediastinum ?

A

T8

32
Q

What is the order from ventral to dorsal of superior mediastinum contents?

A
  1. sternum
  2. thymus
  3. brachiocephalic veins
  4. Aortic rah and branches
  5. Trachea
  6. Esophagus
  7. Vertebra
33
Q

Where does the esophagus, Thoracic aorta and the thoracic duct enter the diaphragm?

A

esophagus- T10
thoracic Aorta- T12
thoracic duct -T12

34
Q

At what location do you locate the bulls eye on heart CT?

A

T6