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Anatomy > Brainstem, Cerebellum, Diencephalon > Flashcards

Brainstem, Cerebellum, Diencephalon Flashcards

1
Q

What CN are in the midbrain?

A

III & IV

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2
Q

What CN are in the pons ?

A

V, VI, VII, VIII

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3
Q

What CN are in the upper medulla ?

A

IX , X, XII

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4
Q

What CN are medially located ?

A

III, VI, XII

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5
Q

What CN are mixed sensory and motor ?

A

V, VII, IX, X

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6
Q

Damages to the brainstem cause what type of deficit

A

Ipsilateral

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7
Q

What does the solitary nucleus relay

A

visceral organs

gag reflex , tast, cough reflex

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8
Q

Nucleus ambiguus relays information from which CN?

A

innvervatoin from IX &X`

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9
Q

Corticobulbar UMN have how many descents?

A

2 bilateral innervation

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10
Q

What are the difference in corticobulbar tract of VII?

A

upper face gets bilateral innervation

lower face get contralateral drive

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11
Q

What are the lesion of CN VII?

A

supranuclear: within the cortex
nuclear: within brainstem (other deficits seen)
peripheral lesion: total loss without other CN deficits

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12
Q

What is the normal hearing function?

A

Air conduction is greater than bone conduction

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13
Q

Where is high pitched sounds heard in the cochlea?

A

base

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14
Q

Where is low pitch sounds heard in the cochlea ?

A

apax

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15
Q

Prebycusis

A

loss of hair cells at the base of the cochlea–> high pitched hearing loss

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16
Q

What structures of the ear help linear movement ?

A

utricle and saccule : maculae

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17
Q

How is head and eye movement coordinated ?

A

Vestibuloocular reflex

18
Q

What pathway helps angular (spinning) movements

A

semicircular ducts :ampullae

19
Q

Vertigo

A

feeling of motion in the absence of actual movement

20
Q

Meniere

A

episodic attacks of vertigo

21
Q

MLF lesions present

A

same side eye with no movement

22
Q

What is the blood supply to the brainstem ?

A

vertebral artery–> ASA &; PICA

basilar artery–> AICA, paramedian branches , superior cerebellar , posterior cerebral

23
Q

Anterior spinal artery affect?

A

XII - hypglossal n.

24
Q

PICA affects?

A

ambiguous nucleus

25
Q

AICA affect?

A

VII- facial n.

26
Q

Paramedian affects

A

VI - Abducens n.

27
Q

PCA affects?

A

III- occulomotor n.

28
Q

Superior cerebellar artery affects?

A

V- trigeminal n.

29
Q

What conducts the afferents to the cerebellum ?

A

Inferior cerebellar peduncles

Middle cerebellar peduncles

30
Q

What conducts the efferents from the cerebellar ?

A

Superior cerebellar peduncles

31
Q

What does the the lateral hemisphere of the cerebellum control ?

A

motor planning of limbs

32
Q

What does the paravermal of the cerebellum control ?

A

distal limb muscle - smooth movements

33
Q

What does the vermis of the cerebellum control ?

A

axial and proximal limb muscles

34
Q

What are the two types of fibers that enter the cerebellum

A

climbing and mossy fibers

35
Q

Where do climbing fibers come from?

A

inferior olivary nucleus

36
Q

Where do climbing fibers synapse

A

purkinje cells

37
Q

Where do mossy fibers come from ?

A

cortex

38
Q

What is the synapse of mossy fibers ?

A

granule cells

39
Q

How does the body correct for error in movements

A

climbing fibers to purkinjie

40
Q

What is the order of deep nuclei in the cerebellum from medial to lateral ?

A

fastigial nucleus
interposed nucleus
dentate nucleus

41
Q

What are the five basal ganglia?

A 
Caudate
Putamen
substantia nigra 
globus pallidus 
sub thalamic nucleus
42
Q

What are the sections of the diencephalon?

A

Thalamus
Epithalamus ( pineal gland)
sub thalamus
Hypothalamus

Anatomy (8 decks)

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