Brainstem, Cerebellum, Diencephalon

Question 1

What CN are in the midbrain?

Answer 1

III & IV

Question 2

What CN are in the pons ?

Answer 2

V, VI, VII, VIII

Question 3

What CN are in the upper medulla ?

Answer 3

IX , X, XII

Question 4

What CN are medially located ?

Answer 4

III, VI, XII

Question 5

What CN are mixed sensory and motor ?

Answer 5

V, VII, IX, X

Question 6

Damages to the brainstem cause what type of deficit

Answer 6

Ipsilateral

Question 7

What does the solitary nucleus relay

Answer 7

visceral organs

gag reflex , tast, cough reflex

Question 8

Nucleus ambiguus relays information from which CN?

Answer 8

innvervatoin from IX &X`

Question 9

Corticobulbar UMN have how many descents?

Answer 9

2 bilateral innervation

Question 10

What are the difference in corticobulbar tract of VII?

Answer 10

upper face gets bilateral innervation

lower face get contralateral drive

Question 11

What are the lesion of CN VII?

Answer 11

supranuclear: within the cortex
nuclear: within brainstem (other deficits seen)
peripheral lesion: total loss without other CN deficits

Question 12

What is the normal hearing function?

Answer 12

Air conduction is greater than bone conduction

Question 13

Where is high pitched sounds heard in the cochlea?

Answer 13

base

Question 14

Where is low pitch sounds heard in the cochlea ?

Answer 14

apax

Question 15

Prebycusis

Answer 15

loss of hair cells at the base of the cochlea–> high pitched hearing loss

Question 16

What structures of the ear help linear movement ?

Answer 16

utricle and saccule : maculae

Question 17

How is head and eye movement coordinated ?

Answer 17

Vestibuloocular reflex

Question 18

What pathway helps angular (spinning) movements

Answer 18

semicircular ducts :ampullae

Question 19

Vertigo

Answer 19

feeling of motion in the absence of actual movement

Question 20

Meniere

Answer 20

episodic attacks of vertigo

Question 21

MLF lesions present

Answer 21

same side eye with no movement

Question 22

What is the blood supply to the brainstem ?

Answer 22

vertebral artery–> ASA &; PICA

basilar artery–> AICA, paramedian branches , superior cerebellar , posterior cerebral

Question 23

Anterior spinal artery affect?

Answer 23

XII - hypglossal n.

Question 24

PICA affects?

Answer 24

ambiguous nucleus

Question 25

AICA affect?

Answer 25

VII- facial n.

Question 26

Paramedian affects

Answer 26

VI - Abducens n.

Question 27

PCA affects?

Answer 27

III- occulomotor n.

Question 28

Superior cerebellar artery affects?

Answer 28

V- trigeminal n.

Question 29

What conducts the afferents to the cerebellum ?

Answer 29

Inferior cerebellar peduncles Middle cerebellar peduncles

Question 30

What conducts the efferents from the cerebellar ?

Answer 30

Superior cerebellar peduncles

Question 31

What does the the lateral hemisphere of the cerebellum control ?

Answer 31

motor planning of limbs

Question 32

What does the paravermal of the cerebellum control ?

Answer 32

distal limb muscle - smooth movements

Question 33

What does the vermis of the cerebellum control ?

Answer 33

axial and proximal limb muscles

Question 34

What are the two types of fibers that enter the cerebellum

Answer 34

climbing and mossy fibers

Question 35

Where do climbing fibers come from?

Answer 35

inferior olivary nucleus

Question 36

Where do climbing fibers synapse

Answer 36

purkinje cells

Question 37

Where do mossy fibers come from ?

Answer 37

cortex

Question 38

What is the synapse of mossy fibers ?

Answer 38

granule cells

Question 39

How does the body correct for error in movements

Answer 39

climbing fibers to purkinjie

Question 40

What is the order of deep nuclei in the cerebellum from medial to lateral ?

Answer 40

fastigial nucleus interposed nucleus dentate nucleus

Question 41

What are the five basal ganglia?

Answer 41

``` Caudate Putamen substantia nigra globus pallidus sub thalamic nucleus ```

Question 42

What are the sections of the diencephalon?

Answer 42

Thalamus Epithalamus ( pineal gland) sub thalamus Hypothalamus